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■  Practical  ^l^ottl^anti 


By  FRANKLIN  M.  DANIEL 


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THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


DAUAS,  TEXAS 


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Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

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http://www.archive.org/details/danielspracticalOOdaniiala 


practical  ^fjortfianb 

By 
FRANKLIN    M.   DANIEL 


Designed  for  Class 
or  Self- Instruction 


REVISED  EDITION,  PRICE  $2.00 

The  Shorthand  System  that   Will   Eventually   Become 
Universal 


DANIEL     PUBLISHING     CO 

Los  Angeles,  California 
1912 


Copyright,  1912,  by  Franklin  M.  Daniel 


Entered  at  Stationers'  Hall, 
London,  England 

Entered  at  Department  of  Agriculture. 
Ottawa,  Canada 

Entered  at  Department  of  Public  Instruction  and  Beautiful  Arts 
Mexico  City,  Mexico 

All  Rights  Reserved 


Printed  in  U.  S.  America 


X-^'^ 
j;^^^^ 

H/.^^ 


Cable  of  Contents; 


Lesson  1  Page 

Consonant  Strokes,  Position  and  Shading 10 

Consonant  Strokes,  Phonetic  SpelUng   12 

Word-signs  and  Phrases,  Sentence  Writing 14 

Consonant  Strokes,  Up  and  Down  Strokes 17 

Lesson  2 

Words  of  more  than  one  syllable 18 

The  Expression  of  N  or  M 19 

The  Short  Vowels 20 

The  SmaU  Circle  for  S  or  Z 22 

Word-signs,  Sentence  Writing,  How  to  Practice 23 

Lesson  3 

R  and  L  Hooks  and  How  Written 24 

Final  Hooks  for  KAY,  GAY,  F  and  V 26 

"Juxtaposition"  to  Express  an  Initial  Vowel 27 

Word-signs,  Rules  for  Phrasing,  Phrases 28 

Sentence  Writing 30 

Lesson  4 

The  Hook  Stroke  Consonants 32 

To  add  L  to  Hook  Stroke  Consonants 32 

Hooks  Changed  to  Ix)ops  to  add  R 33 

The  Initial  Loop  for  SR 34 

The  Final  Loop  for  CHA Y  or  JAY 35 

The  Suffix  for  ING  and  TED 35 

Lesson  5 

The  Circle  and  Hook  for  SES  or  SEZ 37 

The  Large  Circle  for  ST,  SD  or  ZD 37 

The  Lengthening  Stroke  for  T  or  D 37 

The  addition  of  T  or  D  to  N  or  M  in  the  first  syllable . .  38 

Shadifjg  for  R,  Circle  and  Hook  for  SR 39 

The  Shortening  and  Lengthening  principle  used  in 

phrases 40 

The  expression  of  I  in  phrases.  Initially 41 

Advanced  Phrases  and  Business  Letters 42 


449594 


Lesson  6  Page 

R  and  L  in  the  first  syllable 45 

The  Enlarged  Final  Loop 45 

The  Continuation  of  the  CHAY  and  JAY  Loop  to  add 

S,  ST  and  KT 46 

The  P  and  B  Hook,  Compound  Words 46 

The  Joining  of  Strokes,  the  Connecting  Hook 48 

Context,  Special  Phrasing,  ST  for  XT 49 

Practice  Matter,  Advanced  Phrasing,  Business  Letters  51 

Lesson  7 

The  Addition  of  WAY  to  the  Strokes  S,  HAY,  T,  D, 

KAY  and  GAY 54 

The  Indication  of  TO,  Consecutive  Vowels 56 

Accent,  Special  Word-signs,  Business  Letters 56 

Lesson  8 

Prefixes,  Suffixes  and  Omissions 61 

Business  letters  Continued 67 

Lesson  9 

Syllabication,  The  Contraction  of  Syllables 68 

The  Contraction  of  Phrases 70 

The  Study  of  Contracted  Words  and  Phrases 72 

Business  Letters  Continued 73 

Lesson  10 

The  Circle  STER.  MENT  and  NENT  Interchangeable  7 5 

The  Extra  Length  for  SHUN 75 

Punctuation,  etc..  Figures,  Business  Jjctters 77 

Lesson  11 

The  Rule  for  Contractions  and  Contractions 80 

Special  Exercises  for  the  Contractions 84 

Similar  Outlines,  General  Remarks 86 

Special  Exercises 87 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


preface 


After  many  years  of  study,  experiment,  and  inquiry 
among  Business  College  Professors,  Court  Reporters  and 
Shorthand  Teachers,  this  system  of  shorthand  has  been 
written  with  the  following  basic  principles: 

A  system  of  shorthand  to  be  perfect  should  be  syllabic. 
Daniel's  shorthand  is  more  than  ninety-nine  per  cent 
syllabic. 

It  must  have  only  one  consonant  stroke  for  each  conso- 
nant sound  and  that  must  be  made  always  in  one  direc- 
tion, which  is  the  method  used  in  this  system. 

It  must  show  when  a  vowel  precedes  in  the  first  syllable, 
which  is  done  in  this  system  of  shorthand. 

The  rules  should  be  simple  and  without  exceptions. 
The  rules  in  this  shorthand  are  as  simple  as  it  is  possible  to 
make  them,  with  practically  no  exceptions. 

All  angles  should  be  acute  angles,  not  obtuse  or  rounded, 
and  no  back  hooks  under  the  guise  of  rounded  turns. 
Nearly  all  strokes  should  make  an  angle  when  joined 
so  as  to  distinguish  where  one  begins  and  the  other 
leaves  off.  This  shorthand  makes  perfect  connections 
by  means  of  a  connecting  hook;  but  the  consonant 
strokes  are  so  selected  that  the  connecting  hook  is  seldom 
needed. 

There  should  be  no  disjoining  or  intersecting.  There 
is  none  needed  in  this  system,  because  all  words  may  be 
written  without  it  and  the  system  is  so  brief  that  disjoining 
is  useless. 

It  should  have  the  hooks,  circles  and  loops  made  on 
either  side  at  the  final  end  of  straight  strokes,  so  they  may 
be  placed  opposite  to  the  hook,  circle  or  loop  at  the  initial 
end,  to  preserve  the  straightness  of  the  stroke;  otherwise 
the  stroke  will  become  curved  when  writing  with  speed. 
,  This  system  of  shorthand  allows  the  student  to  use  the 
■  hooks,  cirfe^s  and  loops  at  the  final  end  on  either  side  of 
straight  strokes,  the  most  convenient  way  for  him;  also  it 
allows  the  circle  at  the  initial  end  to  be  made  on  either 
side  and  is  optional  with  the  student  as  to  which  way  he 
moves  his  hand  in  making  the  circle. 


6  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

There  should  be  no  hooks  following  shaded  strokes,  as  they 
are  extremely  hard  to  make  correctly  and  with  speed .  There 
are  no  hooks  following  shaded  strokes  in  the  practical  writ- 
ing of  Daniel's  shorthand,  because  the  shade  is  omitted  in 
practical  work,  being  used  for  learning  purposes  only. 

There  should  be  few  word-signs,  contractions,  prefixes, 
suffixes  or  omissions,  and  they  should  be  made  without  any 
disjoining  or  intersecting.  There  are  about  sixty-four 
word-signs  in  this  shorthand  and  one  rule  covers  all  the 
contractions;  but  very  few  contractions  are  needed  for 
ordinary  work.  The  prefixes,  suffixes  and  omissions  are  as 
simple  and  as  few  as  possible,  and  there  is  no  disjoining  to 
add  the  most  difficult  prefix  or  suffix.  There  are  four 
particular  indications  for  prefixes  and  suffixes. 

There  should  be  few  similar  outlines.  The  method  of 
writing  near  the  preceding  outline  to  indicate  that  the 
word  begins  with  a  vowel  practically  does  away  with 
similar  outlines,  and  the  few  that  remain  may  be 
distinguished  in  the  most  simple  manner. 

A  system  of  shorthand  to  be  perfect  should  not  have 
more  than  three  positions  in  any  one  direction.  Many 
will  claim  there  should  be  no  position  whatever;  but  is 
there  any  shorthand  without  it?  The  systems  of  short- 
hand that  claim  to  be  non-position  systems  are  all  found  to 
use  intersection,  writing  under  a  word  and  disjoining, 
which  are  positions.  Intersection  and  writing  under  words 
for  particular  indications  are  the  most  difficult  positions  to 
execute  with  speed,  as  they  stop  the  forward  movement 
necessary  to  speedy  writing. 

A  system  of  shorthand  to  be  perfect  should  be  so 
arranged  that  the  shade  and  position  may  be  omitted  in 
speedy  writing  and  yet  be  easily  read.  This  system  most 
nearly  fulfills  this  essential  as  the  shade  may  be  oinitted, 
as  may  be  all  the  positions  except  "juxtaposition,"  and 
yet  be  more  easily  read  than  other  systems. 

A  system  to  be  perfect  should  be  easily  written,  easily 
read  and  easily  learned.  There  is  no  practical  system  on 
the  market  that  can  compete  with  this  in  getting  results 
quickly. 

The  Daniel's  system  of  shorthand  comes  very  near 
filling  all  the  preceding  requirements — far  nearer  than  any 
other  system  of  shorthand  at  the  present  time. 

The  reason  for  making  a  S3'stem  of  shorthand  syllabic 
is  to  make  it  easy  to  read  and  write.    It  is  far  more  easy 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


to  write  by  the  syllabic  method  than  any  other,  as  it 
makes  it  easy  to  write  new  words,  for  all  words  are  made  up 
of  a  few  syllables;  therefore,  it  is  easier  to  learn  these  few 
syllables  than  it  is  to  learn  an  outline  for  every  word  in  the 
English  language.  Writing  a  stroke  for  a  syllable  is  the 
most  important  vowel  implier  that  we  have  at  our  com- 
mand in  shorthand  writing,  and  the  implication  of  vowels 
is  necessary  for  the  reason  that  the  outlines  would  become 
too  long  if  the  vowels  were  written  in  full.  The  syllable 
is  the  unit  of  word  analysis  representing  one  stroke  for  one 
syllable,  making  it  an  easy  mental  operation.  A  doubtful 
gain  in  speed  does  not  compensate  for  an  involved  mental 
operation.  The  syllabic  method  of  writing  does  away  with 
the  greater  portion  of  the  mental  woi'k  usually  expended 
in  shorthand  writing.  A  shorthand  syllable  to  be  written 
by  the  syllabic  method  should  be  composed  of  only  one 
stroke  and  its  appendages.  The  appendages  may  be 
defined  as  the  hooks,  circles  and  loops,  or  the  alteration 
of  the  stroke  by  length  or  shade,  and  a  s^'llable  may  be 
made  up  of  a  combination  of  these;  but  the  tick  strokes 
and  brieves  should  never  be  used  as  appendages. 

The  reason  there  should  be  but  one  consonant  stroke  for 
each  consonant  sound,  made  in  one  direction  only,  is  that 
more  involves  an  extra  mental  operation  which  is  quite  un- 
necessary. It  is  also  impractical  to  use  the  first  up  or 
down  stroke  in  an  outline  to  determine  position;  for  when 
an  outline  begins  with  one  or  more  horizontal  strokes  and 
is  followed  by  a  stroke  that  is  to  be  made  either  up  or 
down,  as  the  connection  may  dictate,  it  is  impossible  to 
write  that  word  in  position  until  it  has  become  familiar 
to  the  student;  this  is  impracticable  because  the  student 
does  not  have  the  time  to  spare  to  learn  all  that  class  of 
words  in  order  to  become  a  practical  stenographer. 
I'lirthermore,  to  allow  the  accented  syllable  to  denote  the 
vowel  sound  as  expressed  in  position  by  some  other  syl- 
lable that  happens  to  be  the  first  syllable  in  the  outline  to 
be  upright,  is  rather  inconsistent  and  very  troublesome  to 
the  advanced  writer  as  well  as  the  student.  By  allowing 
the  accented  syllable  to  determine  the  position  it  hinders 
the  student  in  reading  his  notes,  as  he  cannot  tell  which 
syllable  the  sound  is  supposed  to  be  read  in,  but  if  the  posi- 
tion always  indicated  the  vowel  sound  in  the  first  syllable, 
which  is  the  most  important  sj'llable,  with  few  exceptions, 
he  would  have  less  trouble   in   reading   his   notes. 

The    preceding    bad    features    just    mentioned    have 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


created  a  prejudice  against  position  writing  with  many 
teachers;  but  position  writing  as  taught  in  this  system  of 
shorthand  is  practically  without  those  bad  features.  The 
remedy  for  the  preceding  defects  in  position  is  very  simple, 
that  is:  let  the  first  syllable  determine  the  vowel  sound  to 
be  written  in  pcsiticn  and  the  first  stroke  determine  the 
position,  which  is  done  in  this  shorthand. 

The  first  syllable  in  a  word,  with  few  exceptions,  is  the 
most  important,  and  each  following  syllable  becomes  of 
less  importance.  The  first  part  of  a  syllable  is  of  far  more 
importance  than  the  latter  part,  that  is,  the  part  before 
the  vowel  is  of  more  importance  than  the  part  after  the 
vowel.  Each  consonant  stroke  in  Daniel's  shorthand  is 
without  a  shade  in  its  original  form  and  the  shade  in  the 
first  syllable  is  used  to  indicate  extra  vowels.  In  the 
following  syllables  it  is  used  to  add  T  or  D  after  a  shortened 
stroke  for  N  or  M,  or  it  is  used  for  R  after  the  vowel  in 
other  instances.  Each  of  those  particulars  are  important 
in  learning;  but  of  little  importance  after  the  system  is 
learned,  for  many  eastern  and  southern  people  fail  to  sound 
the  R  after  the  vowel.  After  shortening  for  N  or  M  it 
makes  little  difference  whether  the  T  or  D  is  expressed  or 
not  after  the  first  syllable.  From  the  preceding  it  can  be 
easily  seen  that  the  shade  may  be  dispensed  with  after 
the  system  is  learned  and  yet  made  valuable  while  learning. 

As  this  system  of  shorthand  is  simple,  systematic  and 
nearly  syllabic  the  student  can  write  new  words  with  almost 
equal  ease  as  words  with  which  he  is  familiar.  The  short- 
hand systems  of  the  present  time  teach  the  student  an 
outline  at  a  time,  while  we  teach  him  the  rules  to  make 
syllables;  after  he  has  learned  to  connect  those  syllables 
he  can  write  any  word  in  the  English  language,  whether 
it  is  new  to  him  or  not,  while  the  student  that  is  learning 
outlines  can  only  write  the  outlines  he  has  mastered. 

From  the  preceding  it  may  be  easily  seen  that  the  best 
method  of  teaching  this  shorthand  will  be  to  teach  the 
student  to  write  shorthand  by  the  rules  and  to  read  his 
own  notes,  instead  of  teaching  him  outlines  by  reading 
engraved  shorthand,  which  is  so  extensively  used  at  the 
present  time.  The  point  here  presented  is,  that  it  requires 
more  time  for  the  mind  to  call  up  a  special  picture  of  an 
isolated  contraction  than  it  requires  to  apply  familiar  rules. 

FRANKLIN  M.  DANIEL. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  February,  1912. 


DALUS,  TEXAS 

DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

iHetfjoti  of  ^tutip 


The  student  in  order  to  learn  shorthand  must 
learn  to  spell  phonographically;  that  is,  by 
sound.  In  spelling  by  sound  all  silent  letters  are 
omitted. 

BEAU  is  spelt  B-0  _  HEIGHT  is  spelt  H-I-T 

DOUGH  is  spelt  D-0  ROUGH  is  spelt  R-tJ-F 

CHASM  is  spelt  K-A-S-M  WROUGHT  is  spelt  R-AW-T 

CITE  is  spelt  S-I-T  PHOTO  is  spelt  F-O-T-O 

GEORGE  is  spelt  J-O-R-J  WEIGH  is  spelt  W-A 

GORGE  is  spelt  G-5-R-J  GNAW  is  spelt  N-AW 

CAUGHT  is  spelt  K-AW-T  KNEE  is  spelt  N-E 

EIGHT  is  spelt  A-T  TAX  is  spelt  T-A-KS 

NICE  is  spelt  N-I-S  FUSE  is  spelt  F-U-Z 

QUICK  is  spelt  KW-I-K  WHY  is  spelt  HW-I 

From  the  preceding  it  may  be  seen  that  there 
is  no  C,  X  or  Q  needed  in  shorthand  characters. 
The  soft  sound  of  C  is  represented  by  S  and  the 
hard  sound  by  K.  X  is  expressed  by  KS.  Q  is 
represented  by  the  sound  KW.  The  soft  sound 
of  G  is  expressed  by  J. 

After  the  student  has  learned  to  resolve  words 
into  their  phonographic  sounds  he  then  learns 
the  geometrical  lines  to  express  those  sounds. 
The  lines  used  in  this  shorthand  are  the  most 
simple  known  and  can  be  made  with  the  greatest 
speed. 

The  student  should  practice  each  lesson 
faithfully,  repeatedly  making  the  characters 
until  they  are  correct  in  every  detail.  Never 
make    a    character    without    pronouncing    the 


10  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

sound.  Never  write  anything  without  reading  it 
afterwards.  Always  review  the  work  done 
previously,  before  beginning  new  work.  If  the 
notes  are  preserved  each  day  and  repeatedly  read 
it  will  be  very  valuable  to  the  student.  Make 
haste  slowly,  speed  will  come  when  the  rules  are 
learned  thoroughly.  Do  not  get  ahead  of  your 
lessons,  nor  outside  of  your  lessons  until  you  have 
passed  lesson  five  or  six. 


LESSON  1. 

This  system  of  shorthand  is  a  method  of  sound 
writing  by  means  of  simple  characters  instead  of 
the  complicated  characters  used  in  longhand; 
and  for  the  purpose  of  recording  speech  with 
ease.  When  writing  by  sound  all  silent  letters 
are  omitted. 

Consonant  Strokes 

T  named  TE  as  heard  in  TEA,  EAT,  TOOT. 
\    P  named  PE  as  heard  in  PEA,  APE,  PEEP. 
"  I  /    V  named  VE  as  heard  in  VIE,  EVE,  VALVE. 
—  K  named  KAY  as  heard  in  CAB,  BACK,  CRACK 

Strokes 

Strokes  are  straight  and  curved  lines  used  to 
express  consonant  sounds.  The  position  of  the 
stroke  in  respect  to  the  line  of  writing  and  its 
shade  expresses  the  principal  vowels  and  diph- 
thongs. 

'I    I    '   I    ,  -  ^^-.^-^ 

t-a     t-e    t-i    t-o    t-u    t-ou    k-a    k-e    k-i    k-o    k-u   k-ou 
lay    tea    tie    toe    too    tow    caj'    key    chi    cop    cue    cow 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  11 


p-a   p-e   p-i   p-o   p-u   p-ou   v-a   v-e   v-i   v-o   v-u   v-ou 
pay   pea   pie   Poe   pew   Pow  veigh  vee  vie  vo  view  vow 

Position 

NOTICE  the  consonant  strokes  are  written  in 
three  different  positions  with  respect  to  the  line 
to  express  three  vowels  and  shaded  for  three 
more.  The  upright  strokes  are  written  with  their 
middle  part  at  the  line  when  in  the  second 
position;  but  their  middle  part  is  above  the  line 
when  in  the  first  position  and  below  the  line 
when  in  the  third  position.  The  horizontal 
strokes  are  made  above  the  line  3^  inch  for 
first  position,  immediately  above  the  line  for 
second  position  and  immediately  below  the  line 
for  third  position.  The- first  stroke  determines 
the  position,  the  following  strokes  are  connected 
to  it  regardless  of  position.  Strokes  are  made  ^/e 
inch  in  length, 

LEARN  the  preceding  consonants,  the  words 
and  syllables  that  they  make,  when  written  in 
the  different  positions  and  with  different  shades. 
Cover  the  longhand  and  read  the  shorthand 
several  times,  then  cover  the  shorthand  and 
write  the  words  and  compare  with  the  printed 
shorthand,  repeating  until  correct. 

Exercise  1 
To  be  read  and  copied 

I     I     /    -/-    '     "    \  -^ 


12  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

Exercise  2 

To  be  written  in  shorthand 

Pow,  pie,  cow,  tie,  vow,  vie,  pew,  cue,  key,  two,  tea, 
view,  vee,  toe,  key,  Poe,  pay,  too. 

CAUTION.  Make  the  strokes  with  a  very 
light  touch  and  a  quick  movement,  Ve  inch  in 
length.  The  shaded  strokes  to  be  made  with 
slightly  more  pressure  than  the  unshaded,  just 
enough  to  distinguish  between  them.  Whenever 
you  wTite  a  stroke  always  pronounce  the  sounds. 
Use  ruled  paper  and  a  No.  2  lead  pencil  in 
learning  this  system  of  shorthand;  afterwards 
use  a  pen  if  preferable. 

Consonant  Strokes — Continued 


)  D  named  DE  as  heard  in  DATE,  AID,  DEED. 

(  S  named  ES  as  heard  in  CITE,  RICE,  CEASE. 

"^  B  named  BE  as  heard  in  BAY,  ABE,  BABE. 

^  F  named  EF  as  heard  in  FAY,  RIFE,  FIFE. 

-<^  G  named  GAY  as  heard  in  GO,  EGG,  GIG. 

SH  named  ISH  or  SHAY  as  heard  in  SHAY, 
ASH. 


r 


Phonetic  Spelling 


The  hard  sound  of  G  is  called  GAY  and  the 
soft  sound  is  called  JAY.  SH  is  pronounced 
ISH  or  SHAY  not  ES-AICH,  TH  is  called  ITH 
or  THAY  not  TE-AICH.  Learn  to  resolve  a 
word  into  its  elementary  sounds  and  write  the 
sounds  only;  ignore  the  spelling  entirely,  for  it 
will  confuse  beginners  if  they  are  not  careful. 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  13 

There  is  no  C  in  shorthand  characters,  the  hard 
sound  is  represented  by  KAY  and  the  soft 
sound  by  ES.    X  is  expressed  by  KAY-S. 


y-T^-^ 


d-a  d-e  d-i  d-o  d-u  d-ou  s-a  s-e  s-i  s-o  s-u  s-ou 
day   dee   die   doe   dew   dow   say   see   sigh   so   sue   sow 

b-a  b-e  b-i  b-6  b-u  b-ou  f-a  f-e  f-i  f-o  f-u  f-ou 
bay   bee   by   bow   bue   bow   fay   fee   fie    foe   few    fow 

g-a  g-e  g-i  g-o  g-u  g-ou  sh-a  sh-e  sh-I  sh-o  sh-u 
gay    gee    guy    go    goo    gow    shay    she    shy    show    shoo 

Learn  to  read  the  preceding  shorthand  when 
the  longhand  is  covered,  and  write  the  words 
when  the  printed  shorthand  is  covered.  Make  a 
comparison  of  the  phonetic  spelling  and  the 
regular  spelling,  that  is  between  the  first  line  of 
printed  matter  and  the  second  line  under  each 
engraving. 

READ  EVERYTHING  YOU  WRITE,  not 

only  for  the  necessary  practice  in  reading,  but  to 
ascertain  if  the  stroke  is  properly  written  with 
respect  to  its  slant,  position,  straightness  or 
curvature.  Be  careful  to  keep  the  perpendicular 
or  horizontal  strokes  from  slanting  and  the 
slanting  strokes  from  becommg  perpendicular 
or  horizontal. 


14  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

Exercise  3 
To  be  read  and  copied 

^   (    ^    ^     -I    ^   ^ 


(    ^    r  ( r    ,  r 


Exercise  4 

To  be  written  in  shorthand 

Bow,  bay,  by,  be,  few,  foe,  fay,  fee,  fie,  doe,  day,  dew, 
die,  go,  gay,  guy,  shoo,  shay,  show,  she,  shy,  so,  sow,  say, 
sew,  see.  Sue,  sigh. 

Remarks 

From  the  preceding  examples  it  may  be  seen 
that  to  express  A  or  O  the  stroke  must  be  in  the 
first  position;  and  to  express  E  or  U  the  stroke 
must  be  in  the  second  position;  and  to  express 
I  or  OW  the  stroke  must  be  in  the  third  position. 
The  A,  E  and  I  are  unshaded;  O,  U  and  OW  are 
shaded  strokes. 

STUDY  the  preceding  exercises  until  you 
have  learned  them  thoroughly  and  can  write  the 
characters  correctly. 

WORD-SIGNS 

A  word-sign  is  an  abbreviation  or  an  exception 
to  the  general  rule.  Words  are  abbreviated 
because  they  frequently  recur  and  have  too  long 
an  outline  when  written  by  the  regular  rules. 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  15 

The  following  word-signs  are  some  of  the  more 
important : 

^         \        X ! TLU 

the,    to,  to-the,  I,    he    (a,  an,  and),      you,         would 

-,-     ^      '^     ^      I V- 

Wish,      shall,  for,      have,  it  (be,  to-be) 

WORD-SIGNS  may  be  joined  to  one  another 
and  to  other  words  to  make  one  outline  called  a 
phrase.  A,  AN,  AND  and  I  may  be  connected 
to  the  initial  end  only,  all  the  other  preceding 
word-signs  may  be  connected  initially,  medially 
and  finally.  AND  and  THE  are  struck  either 
up  or  down. 

An  OUTLINE  in  this  shorthand  is  a  picture  of 
the  consonant  sounds  in  a  word  or  phrase, 
indicating  the  long  vowel  or  diphthong  in  the 
first  syllable,  and  is  made  without  lifting  the  pen. 

PHRASES 


^ ^ ^-^^ 


to-the,       I-wish-you,  see-the,  go-to-the,  I-shall 


^ ^ V r V- 

see-you,  say-you,         by-the,     tie-the,  do-you 


16  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

Read  and  write  the  following  exercises  by 
covering  the  longhand  and  the  shorthand 
alternately. 


^^^ ^ r_^ 


Tie-the  cow-to-the       shay.         Do     go-to-the    show. 


I-wish-you  would  go  and  tie-the  cow.         For  I-shall. 

)    -^     '    (      (    -     ">       V     ^    " 

Do      go     and  see-the  sea.  To-be   by-the      sea. 

f'     C     ^ (    »     '    ^  ^  A 

I-shall  see-you  go-to-the  sea.  I  say-you  may  go. 

Remarks 

The  small  signs  are  called  brieves.  The  first 
stroke  or  first  brieve  is  written  in  its  own  position 
and  the  following  stroke  or  brieve  is  connected  to 
it  regardless  of  position.  TO  when  shaded  reads 
TO-THE.  The  hyphen  is  used  to  show  that  the 
words  are  connected  together  to  make  a  phrase, 
and  will  be  used  in  that  sense  throughout  thit 
book. 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  17 

Consonant  Strokes — Continued 

M  named  EM  as  heard  in  ME,  AIM,  MUM. 
N  named  EN  as  heard  in  KNEE,   IN,   KNOWN. 
R  named  ARE  as  heard  in  RAY,  ARE,  RARE. 
(^   L  named  EL  as  heard  in  LOW,  EEL,  LOWEL. 
'  TH  named  ITH  or  THAY  as  heard  in  THY, 
EARTH. 


KAY,  M  and  N  are  made  from  left  to  right, 
R,  L  and  ITH  are  made  from  bottom  up 
slanting  more  toward  the  horizontal  than 
the  downward  strokes  V,  SHAY  and  GAY, 
which  are  nearer  the  perpendicular  and  are  made 
down.  V,  SHAY  and  GAY  are  like  R,  L  and 
ITH,  but  may  be  easily  distinguished  in  sen- 
tences by  their  connections  to  other  strokes, 
brieves,  hooks,  circles  and  loops. 


m-a  m-e  m-i  m-o  m-u  m-ou  n-a  n-e  n-i  n-6  n-u  n-ou 
may  me  my  mow  mew  mow  nay  knee  nigh  no  new  now 


-■y  ^''  ^  ^  r^-^-r 


r-a    r-e    r-i     r-o     r-u    r-ou  1-a    1-e    l-i      l-o    1-u    1-ou 
ray  rea  rye  row    rue   row  lay  lee   lie     low  lieu  low 


^-^^ — -^-^ 


th-a    th-e    th-i  th-o    th-u    th-ou 

they    the      thy         though  thew    thou 


18  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

Exercise  5 
To  be  read  and  copied 

J  ^^^  ^  ^  y  _^  ^  ^ 


-f^ 


Exercise  6 

To  be  written  in  shorthand 

They,  thy,  though,  thou,  low,  Ueu,  lie,  Lee,  lay,  row, 
rue,  rye,  ray,  know,  new,  now,  nigh,  knee,  nay,  mow,  mew, 
my,  me,  may. 


LESSON  2 

This  system  of  shorthand  expresses  only  one 
vowel  or  diphthong  in  a  word  and  that  is  in  the 
first  syllable.  In  words  of  more  than  one 
syllable  a  vowel  is  indicated;  but  as  to  what  it  is, 
is  a  guess.  From  the  following  examples  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  vowel  E  is  assumed  to  follow  all 
consonant  strokes  except  the  first  stroke  in  an 
outline.  By  using  the  vowel  E  as  a  substitute 
the  outline  is  filled  out  and  the  student  soon 
becomes  accustomed  to  omitting  the  vowels 
after  the  first  syllable. 


~^  n  V 


m-a-me     k-a-te     1-a-de     d-u-le     k-a-re     p-o-ne     b-u-te 
Mamie      Catie      lady       duly       Carie      pony       beauty 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


Id 


"^ 


-^-f^ 


J> 


r-ou-de 
rowdy 


n-e-de 
needy 


sh-a-de 
shady 


t-6-de 
toady 


m-a-re 
Mary 


s-a-de 
Sadie 


b-o-ne 
bony 


-V — ^ 


r-o-te-re    n-o-te-re 
rotary        notary 


-Pf ^TT 


v-a-ge-re 
vagary 


1-u-ne-se 
lunacy 


p-i-re-se 
piracy 


The  Shortening  Principle 

Making  a  stroke  half  its  usual  length  adds  N 
or  M  to  that  syllable  and  is  to  be  read  after  the 
vowel. 


t-e 
tea 


t-e-m 
team 


t-6 
toe 


t-o-n 
tone 


t-u 
too 


t-u-n 
tune 


r-a 
ray 


r-a-n    t-i    t-i-m 
rain    tie    time 


^     ^ 


-F- 


b-o    b-o-n    1-e 
bow  bone    Lee 


1-e-n    p-i 
lean    pie 


p-i-n    k-e    k-e-n    r-u    r-u-m 
pine    key    keen    rue    room 


^ 


V 


rL 


d-e-ken    b-a-ken 
deacon    bacon 


n-a-shen    f-u-zhen    1-o-shen  n-o-shen 
nation       fusion        lotion      notion 


■f- 


■^ 


r-e-ten-shen 
retention 


r-e-ve-zhen 
revision 


r-o-te-shen 
rotation 


v-a-ken-se 
vacancy 


80  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

Exercise  7 
To  be  read  and  copied 

Exercise  8 
To  be  written  in  shorthand 

1  Vacancy,     rotation,     revision,     retention,     notion, 

2  lotion,  fusion,  nation,  Macon,  bacon,  deacon,  rotary, 

3  notary,    vagary,    lunacy,    lady,    duty,    Carie,    p>ony, 

4  Katie,    Mamie,    Mary,    shady,    needy,    Tony,    tidy, 

5  Keely,  rowdy. 

The  Short  Vowels 

The  vowels  A,  E,  I,  O  and  U  each  have  a 
short  sound  and  are  expressed  by  writing  in 
position  for  the  long  vowel  and  placing  to  the 
right  of  the  outline  a  dot  to  indicate  that  it  is  the 
short  instead  of  the  long  sound.  The  short  sound 
of  I  is  nearly  like  the  short  sound  of  E,  therefore, 
place  a  dot  to  the  right  of  the  E  position  stroke  to 
indicate  the  short  sounds  of  E  and  I.  The  dot  is 
placed  by  the  side  of  I  position  stroke  to  be  read 
01,  as  in  BOY,  FOIL,  TOIL,  ROY  and  JOY. 
The  dot  is  placed  by  the  side  of  an  0  position 
stroke  to  indicate  a  variety  of  sounds  of  different 
shades,  like  the  vowels  in  the  words  NOT, 
CAUGHT,  ROT,  WROUGHT,  WAR,  FOR, 
FAR,  AH,  YARD,  PARK,  OX,  CAW,  LOT, 
KNOCK,  and  ALL.  Shorthand  is  only  an 
approximate  method  of  writing  longhand  and 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  gl 

the  vowels  are  not  so  completely  expressed  as 
in  the  longer  method;  but  sufficient  for  all 
practical  purposes.  The  following  examples 
will  make  plain  to  the  student  the  use  of  the 
short  vowel : 

First  Position  Vowels 

f-a-n  f-a-n  m-a-n  m-a-n  p-a-n  p-a-n  [>-o-n  p-aw-n 
fane     fan      main      man      pain      pan      pone     pawn 


\    V   ^»      r       K- 


b-o-n    b-6-n    p-o    p-aw    n-aw-te    sh-6-de    t-a-le    m-6-le 
bone    bon      Poe   paw      naughty  shoddy     tally     Molly 

Second  Position  Vowels 

_) \» ^^ TV ^ c:^ ( (.- 

t-u-n     t-ti-n     b-u-n     b-ti-n     m-e-n     m-6-n     s-e-n     s-I-n 
tune      ton       boon      bun       mean     men        seen      sin 

f-a-le    p-6-ne    m-6-ne  r-P-de     b-Q-ne     m-ti-ne    f-ti-ne 
fully     penny    many     ready     bunny     money     funny 

Third  Position  Vowels 

bi     b-oi  1-i-n  1-oi-n  t-i       t-oi       r-i         r-oi    k-oi-n 
by    boy  line    loin     tie       toy       rye       Roy     coin 


22  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

Exercise  9 
To  be  read  and  copied 


Exercise  10 
To  be  written  in  shorthand 

1  Murry,  surrey,  ferry,  fellow,  fully,  many,  bunny, 

2  tobacco,  deputy,  monopoly,  money,   penny,  rummy, 

3  sunny,  rowdy,  Rooney,  tally,  shoddy,  Sunday,  Monday, 

4  Polly,  Molly,  paddy,  funny,  dummy,  ready,  bonny, 

5  toy,  Roy,  boy,  coin,  loin,  royal,  really,  line. 

The  Circle  S  and  Z 

A  small  circle  adds  S  to  the  initial  end  and 
S  or  Z  to  the  final  end  of  a  stroke  to  be  read  first 
or  last  accordingly. 


^    I    1   ^    V  ^   ^-    ^- 

st-a     t-e-z     st-a-z     sp-a-s     p-6-z     f-u-z     f-S-nz      p-S-nz 
stay    tease    stays     space     pose      fuse      fans        pans 

The  Circle  Between  Strokes 

The  circle  S  between  strokes  is  usually  written 
on  the  inside  of  the  first  curve.  The  circle  S 
between  straight  strokes  that  make  ai\  angle,  is 
written  outside  of  the  angle. 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  JS 

d-ii-ste    g-Q-ste       n-a-ste         r-ii-ste       r-I-ske      n-a-zel 
dusty       gusty  nasty  rusty         risky        nasal 

Word-signs— Con  tinued 

^lU I L_ 

your     went    want     what     would     of  of-the    he     he-is 

c        C  o 

_^ C ^ Q 

first     which     were     when     where     (is,     his)     (as, 


f 


yes     yesterday      had      advantage      gentlemen      general 
To  be  read  and  written 


He  wants  a    monopoly  of-the     business     by-the  first. 
He-is    ready    to      go  and  see-the    notary. 

^^^_il_J. ^ ^^ 

Yes,  what    advantage  had-you  gentlemen     generally? 


24  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

Exercise  11 
To  be  written  in  shorthand 

1  He  went  to-the  show  by-the  nasty,  muddy  lane. 

2  What-would-you  do-to  see-the  show  by  Tuesday? 

3  When  and-where  were-the  boys  yesterday? 

4  The-gentlemen  generally  have-the  advantage. 

5  For-the  first-day.    Which-is  your  fence? 

Advice 

OF  is  connected  initially  in  phrases  only. 
Write  the  exercises  carefully  and  read  them  over 
and  over,  then  write  again.  Do  not  hesitate 
when  making  a  stroke,  but  if  made  wrong  repeat 
until  it  is  correct.  Keep  your  wrist  slightly 
elevated  and  write  with  a  light  touch  and  as 
small  characters  as  convenient.  Never  retrace 
a  stroke,  but  make  new  strokes  instead.  Write 
the  consonant  strokes  and  the  word-signs  all  on 
one  piece  of  paper  for  a  handy  reference,  until 
they  are  thoroughly  learned.  Study  the  short- 
hand characters,  paying  strict  attention  to  the 
phonetic  spelling,  then  cover  up  the  printed 
matter  and  analyze  the  sounds  expressed  by  the 
shorthand  and  write  them  in  longhand,  compar- 
ing with  the  original.  Write  the  printed  words 
in  shorthand  while  the  shorthand  characters  are 
covered  up  and  compare  with  the  original,  all 
the  while  pronouncing  the  sounds. 


LESSON  3 
R  and  L  Hooks 

A  small  hook  on  the  initial  end  of  a  stroke 
adds  R  and  a  large  hook  adds  L  to  the  stroke  and 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  25 

is  read  after  the  stroke.     On  the  stroke  R  the 
hooks  are  placed  at  the  final  end. 

tray     trees    pray     plays    free    flee    drew    three     grey 

-^^-^-^    .^       ^      c^       ^         ^. 
very     veal  rear     roar  real     role       brew     blue      liars 


^  ^  ^  ..   ^  ^  r- 


travel      mail      more      nail      near      crease    clues    loll 


^•'    ^-    ^V     \      ^ 


■^T" 


trestle        prevail      principle    distress      Bible  settle 


How  to  Make  R  and  L  Hooks 

R  and  L  hooks  are  made  on  the  left  hand  side 
of  slanting  and  perpendicular  straight  strokes, 
the  inside  of  curves  and  the  upper  side  of  KAY. 

Writing  Exercise  12 

1  Clay,  rear,  real,  roar,  role,  prays,  crews,  free,  trees 

2  very,  vile,  vale,  breeze,  drays,  blow,  flew,  true,  mere, 

3  mule,  kneel,  tries,  slay,  near,  ply,  dries,  close,  drew, 

4  flays,  shrew,  gray,  three,  glaze,   grease,  cavil,  level, 

5  traduce,   kettle,   mettle,   sundries,   final,    cradle,    lull, 

6  learn,  lore,  leer. 


86  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

Final  Hooks 

A  small  hook  adds  KAY  or  GAY  and  a  large 
hook  adds  F  or  V  when  made  on  the  final  end  of  a 
stroke  and  is  read  after  the  vowel  in  a  syllable. 

I    I    I     \^ — \^-^^^ — 1^-^^ — V 

take    takes    teek    poke    peaks    paves    staves    fake    beak 

r7  (T    Co    C     "^    ^-^     ^  ^/^ 

shaves   shake   saves   sake   caves   raves   rake   rife    move 


n.  r.    ^  "^ 


£_ 


^2 — /=^ 

knave   nook   leaves   laugh    vogue    cracks    craves    cleave 
missive    retake    bailing    mo^^ng    making    trampling    tax 


How  to  Use  the  Final  Hooks 

Hooks  on  the  final  end  of  straight  strokes  may 
be  turned  either  way  except  on  R,  which  is  turned 
on  the  right  hand  side  for  KAY,  GAY,  F  and  V. 
Usually  the  hook  or  circle  at  the  final  end  of 
straight  strokes  is  turned  in  the  opposite  direc- 
tion to  the  hook  or  circle  at  the  initial  end,  to 
preserve  the  straightness  of  the  stroke. 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  n 

Writing  Exercise  13 

1  Brakes,  dregs,  plague,  takes,  cakes,  smokes,  snakes, 

2  graves,  gloves,  braves,  brief,  meek,  lake,  shake,  sake, 

3  seek,  speak,  spoke,  steak,  knave,  knife,  raves,  reak, 

4  rear,    rail,   real,    move,   shove,   love,   life,   thief,   vex, 

5  tax,  leaves,  tripping,  passive,  taking,  shaking,  making, 

6  plastic,  balancing,  seeming,  moving,  trumping,  baling. 

Final  Hooks  and  Circles 

All  hooks  are  turned  on  the  inside  of  curves. 
KAY  and  GAY  have  similar  sounds,  so  have  F 
and  V. 

F  and  V  hooks  are  made  with  a  very  short 
hook. 

The  small  circle  when  turned  inside  of  hooks 
usually  takes  a  loop  shape. 

The  Reversal  of  the  Vowel 

In  writing  from  left  to  right  the  space  between 
outlines  is  about  Ve  inch  usually.  To  indicate 
when  a  word  begins  with  a  vowel,  write  the 
outline  very  near  to  the  preceding  outline,  called 
"juxtaposition,"  to  reverse  the  reading  of  the 
vowel ;  that  is,  to  indicate  that  the  vowel  is  read 
first.  The  position  and  the  shade  of  the  first 
stroke  indicates  the  vowel. 


C 


They  were  at-the       tree  when  you-came  in-to-see-me. 

From  the  preceding  sentence  it  is  seen  that 
AT  and  IN  are  written  with  their  outlines  very 
close  to  the  preceding  outlines  to  indicate  that 


28  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

the  vowel  is  read  first.  IN-TO-SEE-ME  makes 
a  phrase  of  common  words  in  the  preceding 
sentence  and  should  be  used  as  a  model  for  the 
joining  of  simple  words. 

Word-signs — Continued 


D 

D 

D 

D 

— 

1 

1 

^ 

1 

I 

with 

was 

word 

world 

how 

who 

whom 

eyes 

him  large 

y 

/ 

/" 

\ 

L 

1 

1 

^ 

E  (O,  awe)   will   hope  half  give-n   year  should   think-g 

Rules  for  Phrasing 

In  this  system  of  shorthand  the  first  word  of  a 
phrase  is  written  in  position,  and  those  words 
which  follow,  that  are  joined  to  it,  are  connected 
without  regard  to  position.  Do  not  allow  the 
outline  to  extend  too  far  above  or  below  the  line 
of  writing.  Make  good  connections  and  phrase 
nothing  except  that  which  is  naturally  connected 
in  thought.  Never  connect  words  that  have  a 
punctuation  mark  between  them.  Words  that 
have  an  important  vowel  or  diphthong  in  the  first 
or  second  syllable  should  not  be  connected,  only 
to  the  initial  end  of  a  phrase.  A  great  many 
unimportant  words  may  be  omitted  from 
common  phrases.  Phrases  should  be  made 
principally  from  word-signs  and  the  most 
common  words.  YOU  and  YOUR  can  be  turned 
the  most  convenient  way  to  join  in  phrases. 
AND  and  THE  are  struck  both  up  and  down  in 
phrases.  Make  acute  angles  for  good 
connections. 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


29 


Phrases 


^ 


^    he-was 
out-with 


X 


J=n. 


-cy^ 


on-the 

of-the-many 

was-known 

how-the 
and-the 


/•^     will-you-go 


saw-me 

was-with 

near-the 

I-was-to 
to-see-the 

to-be-the 

we-think 

you-think 

he-thinks 

he-should 

we-should 

it-should-be 
it-was-given 


to-see-me 

hope-you-will-go 

go-with-me 
will-give-me 

if-you-will-be 

what-would-you 

it-will-give-me 

he-is  or  he-has 
-=-     who-is  or  who-has 
^      of-our 

k~     it-was-to 

p^     it-is-the 
—     it-has-been 

^-  you-should-see 

K"  you-should-do 

'^  you-should-take 

<;—  you-should-be 

r=-  you-should-think 

2_  I-think-you-are 

/  I-think-you-will 

—  how-has  or  how-his 


T>^ 


we  will 


c  S\r\    in-reply-to-you 


so  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


h 


r~t" 


He-was  out-with  us  Tuesday  in-the  rain  on-the  pike. 


■•    ^r4 


D 


The  word  of-the  man  was-known  all  over-the  world. 


How-the  eyes  of-the  large  man  will      look       by     day. 


i^ 


I  hope  half  of-the  year     will-be  sunshine. 
By  whom  was  it  given,  or  who  gave  it  to  him? 


Writing  Exercise  14 

1  Will-you-go  and-see  what-he  has-to  give-the  boy? 

2  I  know-he  saw-me  go  when-he  was-in-the  oak. 

3  He-may  be  to-see  if  it-will-be  at-the  bay. 

4  The-gentleman  saw  it  as-it  went  by-the  bay. 

5  I-will  be  by-the  oak  if-the  general  wants  me. 

6  With  the  first  hour  of-the  day  he-is  off-to  play. 

7  What-would-you  say  if  I-was-to  go  to-see-the  sea? 

8  I  will-be  true  to-you,  if-you-will-be  true  to-me. 

9  Take  a  look  at-the  blue  sky  and-see-the  glow. 

10  He-will  go  up-the  tree  by-the  cave  to-make  noise. 

11  Now-how  do-you  know  when  I  will  go  to  the  show? 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  31 


12  When  do-you  want  to-see-me  and-what-for? 

13  Will-you  rise  and  go-with-me  to-see-the  boy  at-the 

lake  near-the  town? 

14  I  saw  it  as  it  went  by  and  it-was  like  him. 

15  I-will-take-the   plow   and-see-the   advantage   it-will- 

give-me   over-the  rake. 

16  The   gentleman   and-the   general   hope-you-will-give 

it  a-show  to-grow. 

17  He-thinks     it-should-be     this-way,     and     I-think-it 

should-be  nearly  the-same. 


Practice  nothing  only  that  which  is  given  in 
these  lessons  until  you  have  passed  lesson  5; 
then  practice  any  kind  of  printed  matter.  Com- 
mon words  like  IT,  AT,  IN  and  ON  need  not 
have  the  short  sound  indicated  by  means  of  the 
dot,  as  "juxtaposition"  is  sufficient  indication 
for  such  words. 

Writing  Exercise  15 

X 


V  ^  ^.  ^  ?  r)  \ 


M     ^ 


^       ^; 


3g  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

LESSON  4 
The  Hook  Stroke  Consonants 

The  following  are  hook  stroke  consonants; 
the  hooks  are  turned  on  the  right  hand  and  under 
side  of  straight  strokes,  and  both  sides  of  R  at 
the  initial  end  for  Z,  H,  Y,  J,  CH  and  W. 

'"/'  Z  named  ZE  as  heard  in  ZOO,  USE. 

f  H  named  HAY  as  heard  in  HEAT,  ADHERE. 

3^  Y  named  YAY  aa  heard  in  YET,  BEYOND. 

<^-  J  named  JAY  as  heard  in  GEM,  PAGE,  GEORGE. 

1^  CH  named  CHAY  as  heard  in  CHAIN,  RETCH. 

"*  \<y  W  named  WAY  as  heard  in  WET,  WAYWARD. 


^1^ 


Zeke   haze    yea    Joe    chain    we    way    zero    highly  Jane 


yeoman  jury    Rachel     noway  welcome   engine   cheaply 

To  Add  L  to  Hook  Strokes 

All  the  hook  stroke  consonants  may  have  the 
hook  enlarged  to  add  L,  to  be  read  after  the 
vowel. 

zeal      heal      yell        jail     chill        wail       well     we-will 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  33 

Hooks  Changed  to  Loops  to  add  R 

A  loop  may  be  made  on  the  hook  stroke  con- 
sonants, in  place  of  the  hook  to  add  R  to  the 
stroke,  to  be  read  after  the  vowel. 


f  f   .V 


-ZT' ^ ^    -'   ^ 


hare    here    hire    yore    jeer    cheer    ware    journey    wire 


Writing  Exercise  15 

1  Check,   wire,   joke,   wore,   hove,   ease,   house,   use, 

2  hay,  ware,  weave,  ways,  wise,  hole,  easel,  wail,  zeal, 

3  well,  hewer,  yale,  year,  cheer,  jeer,  jail,  chill,  hole, 

4  hale,  hill,  yell,  jole,  howl,  jew,  joy,  chew,  chug,  zoo, 

5  hug,  chore,  chase,  highly,   zebra,  hero,  angel,  jetty, 

6  choppy,     chilly,     Wiley,     witty,     anyway,     welcome, 

7  hailing,  zero,  lazy,  edgeways,  Rachel,  journey,  justice, 

8  Johnson. 


CAUTION.  Call  each  stroke  by  its  name: 
H  is  called  HAY  not  AICH;  Y  is  called  YAY 
not  WI;  J  is  called  JAY  not  GEE;  CH  is  called 
CHAY  not  SE-AITCH;  W  is  called  WAY  not 
DOUBLE-UU. 

Writing  Exercise  17 

1  We-can  use-the  edge  of-the  saw  many-ways. 

2  The-way-we  use-the  edge  of-the  ax  gives  it  age. 

3  James,  John  and  Jake  were  all  three  at-the  lake. 

4  The  journey  up-the  hill  was-to  hire  a  chaise. 

5  It-is  easier-to  do  a-thing  than-to-tell-you. 

6  I-think  they-should  call-it  easy  work. 

7  Which  do-you-think  is-the  better  paper  of-the  two? 


34  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

Reading  Exercise  18 

■^         \         \  ' — 


.^z_ 


p  r— i ZZ <~^v_^^ — • -H'-^^^^ 


•      % 


The  Initial  Loop 

The  R-hook  may  be  changed  into  a  loop  at 
the  initial  end  of  a  stroke  to  add  SR,  the  S  to  be 
read  before  and  the  R  after  the  stroke.  The 
loop  to  be  made  on  the  left  hand  side  of  perpen- 
dicular or  slanting  straight  strokes  the  upper 
side  of  KAY  and  the  inside  of  curves.  Do 
not  confound  the  R-hook  with  the  hook 
consonant  strokes. 


-i^-^-t — ^^ 


-V 


sever      cedar      streak      strive      spree      spring      screak 


-<$z=^ 


^^i-^ 


^=^- — %,    i- — V 

smear       sneer       screw         spruce  stricken     sprawling 

NOTICE  that  the  hook  stroke  consonants 
have  the  loop  made  on  the  right  and  under  side 
of    straight    strokes,   to    add    R.      Be    careful 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  35 

to  get  the  loops  on  the  side  which  they  are 
supposed  to  be,  to  express  your  meaning.  The 
test  is  to  read  everything  you  write. 

The  Final  Loop 

A  small  loop  on  the  final  end  of  a  stroke  adds 
CHAY  or  JAY  and  is  read  after  the  vowel. 


-4 1. — ^^^ ^-^^ ^ 

teach    stretch     preach     approach     page     attach     patch 

^-  ^  '^'  r-    (^.    (.    ^-,    ,,. , 

reach     rage     Madge     lodge     fetch     such     leech     pinch 


Writing  Exercise  19 

1  Streak,  such,  string,   catch,  strive,   stretch,   reach, 

2  rage,  Madge,  notch,  preach,  blotch,  brooch,  screak, 

3  lodge,   thatch,   teach,   sage,   leech,    vouch,   approach, 

4  attach,    ditch,    dodge,    strong,    sneer,    snore,    smear, 

5  smudge,  snatch,  college,  courage. 


The  Suffix  ING 

A  small  perpendicular  or  horizontal  straight 
stroke  very  short  in  length  adds  ING  and 
shaded  adds  INGS  to  the  final  end  of  a  stroke. 


N'     ^      A      ( i— ^ 


^>w1 


paying    rowing     being     seeing    doing    laying    knowing 


36  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


-^* ^c * ^ ::r— 

facings      casings      beings        teasing        seizing        rising 


The  Suffix  TET,  TED  or  DED 

A  small  half  circle  very  small  in  diameter, 
made  by  starting  back  on  the  stroke,  adds 
TET,  TED  or  DED  at  the  final  end. 


voted    raided    seated    needed    cited     loaded    demented 


Writing  Exercise  20 

1  Noted,    knowing,    doing,    petted,    beings,    dated, 

2  aiding,  rowing,  rated,  airing,   ailing,  needed,  seeing, 

3  bowing,  shading,  offing,  mowing,  loaded,  oiling,  fetid, 

4  outing,  faded,  eating,  acted,  ended,  neighing,  leaded, 

5  deeded,  mated,  potted,  feeing,  owing,  patted,  indented, 

6  selected,    inveighing,     invaded,     denuded,     delaying, 

7  lovingly,    concluded,    conveying,    viewing,    conniving, 

8  jawing,    hoeing,   itching,   gnawing,    wooing,    chewing, 

9  oiling,  aging. 

10  He-was  writing-to-me  when  you  were  passing  by. 

11  He  came  near-seeing  me  in-getting  off-the-train. 

12  He  needed  the  strong  horse  to-bring-the  beech  bark. 


Reading  Exercise  21 


"V 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  37 

LESSON  5 
How  to  add  SES,  SEZ  or  ZES 

If  a  small  circle  at  the  final  end  of  a  stroke  is 
continued  through  to  the  opposite  side  to  form 
a  small  hook,  it  adds  the  syllable  SES,  SEZ  or 
ZES. 

_j^_^^_^^ ^^—^^-^ ^ 

teases      possess      vases      races      blesses      gazes      taxes 

The  Large  Circle 

A  large  circle  on  the  end  of  a  stroke  adds  STr 
SD  or  ZD  and  is  read  after  the  vowel. 

-^ ^ ^^^ — ^ ^© '^ ^-^^' ^-^ 

teased    tastes     pest     guests    least    mused    nests    rests 

Writing  Exercise  22 

1  Moses,  accused,  praises,  blest,  traces,  least,  creases, 

2  test,    guests,    greases,    brazes,    dust,    moist,    leases, 

3  teases,  roused,  sauces,  vest,  raises,  thrust,  cast,  noses, 

4  amazes,  seized,  vases,  praised,  dresses,  pressed,  cases, 

5  faced,  access,  gazes,  fleeced,  frosts,  priests,  coasts, 
G  tests,  tastes,  Mississippi,  necessary,  postal,  dusting 
7  rusting,  casting,  lasting,  adjusting. 

The  Lengthened  Stroke 

A  stroke  may  be  lengthened  to  half  as  long 
again  to  add  T  or  D  to  the  syllable,  or  nearly 
twice  as  long  as  the  usual  length.  T  and  D  have 
similar  sounds. 

449594 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


J-4 


toe    toad    ray    rate    pane    pay    pate    Maine    may  mate 
deride     berate     macerate     postulate     translate     infect 


Writing  Exercise  23 

1  Tirade,  direct,  infect,  disrespect,  inspect,  respect, 

2  vacating,    in\iting,     deriding,    debating,    retaining, 

3  invade,  expiate,  expatiate,  vacate,  formulate,  debate 

4  recede,  macerate,  occupied,  berate,  insulate,  deride, 

5  invite,  postulate,  translate,  overate,  renewed,  inveter- 

6  ate,  slate,  fate,  pet,  let,  bite,  night,  rate,  float,  get, 

7  not,  bought,  caught,  sought,  bet,  but,  did. 

8  I-will  vacate-the  house  on-the  date  set. 

9  Do-not  overate-the  large  man  at-the  gate. 

10  He  did  berate-the  inveterate  trainman  terribly. 

11  Without  any  respect  he  showed  disrespect  to-the  lad. 

Reading  Exercise  24 


T-  ^^^  '  r  )^^ 


To  Add  T  or  D  to  N  or  M 

When  the  first  stroke  in  an  outline  has  been 
shortened  for  N  or  M  and  T  or  D  follows  it  in  the 
same  syllable,  the  T  or  D  may  be  indicated  by 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  39 

using  the  F  or  V  hook,  as  F  or  V  never  follow 
N  or  M  in  the  after  part  of  a  syllable.  After 
the  first  stroke  in  an  outline  the  shortened 
stroke  may  be  shaded  to  add  T  or  D  to  the  N  or 
M  to  be  read  NT,  ND,  MT  or  MD. 


v^ 


He  turned  round  and  round     as  he  volplaned    down. 

-J    -<    L-      -■•     -      ^      ^ 

bend    mend    trimmed    contained    behind    latent    depend 

Writing  Exercise  25 

1  Trained,  sprained,  send,  tent,  ironed,  bound,  lend, 

2  rent,  joined,  chained,  hound,  beyond,  wind,  wound, 

3  maimed,  shamed,  blamed,  kind,  cant,  haunt,  move-. 

4  ment,    demand,    command,    invent,    retained,    fond. 

5  The  diamond  mine  is  confined  to  a  Umited  output. 

6  They  left-the  moment-the  infant  was-found  alive. 

7  He  tramped  on-the  ground  in-the  last  round. 

Shading  for  R 

After  the  first  stroke  in  an  outline  any  stroke 
may  be  shaded  to  add  R,  except  the  shortened 
stroke.  When  shading  for  R  it  is  read  after  the 
vowel  usually. 

-^ A ^^ ^, =1^H^ ^ 

reader         racer         lever      never      cater  agitator  fluster 


40  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


Writing  Exercise  26 

1  Waiter,  platter,  scatter,  slaughter,  rather,  feather, 

2  mother,  brother,  lather,  nature,  later,  rouser,  mouser, 

3  maker,  never,  placer,  curvature,  intruder,  upholder, 

4  defrauder,  consider,  leather. 

5  The  ready  reader  was  entirely  plastic  in  the  hands  of 

the  nervy  cattle  rustler. 

6  The  elder  man  was  down  by-the  water-front. 

7  The  orderly  was- very  sober  as-he  came  across. 

8  The  mother,  father  and-brother  love  one  another. 


Reading  Exercise  27 


P^     ^. 


The  SR  Loop 

The  loop  for  SR  after  the  first  syllable  may  be 
changed  into  a  circle  and  hook  to  add  SR,  thus: 

b 
construct     extra     distract     distress     disagree     monster 


The  Shortening  Principle  for  Phrases 

After  the  first  stroke  or  word-sign  any  stroke 
connected  may  be  shortened  and  shaded  to  add 
NOT  in  a  phrase. 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  41 


b 

I-may-not  he-may-not         it-cannot     they-have-not 

/)  r^  -^  r^ 

they-do-not        you-cannot        and-if-not        you-may-jiot 

Lengthening  and  Shortening  in  Phrases 

The  lengthening  and  shortening  principle  may 
be  used  in  making  phrases,  thus : 

0^=^ — ^ 


^ — ^ ^ 


it-is-not         it-was-not         it-is-then       you-must-not 
n^~(r c>^ "A/ ^^_'==^- 

you-must-come       you-must-go       you-do-that      in-that 


^ 


he-could-not      by-that    he-was-caught        by-them 

I  in  Phrases 

Write  in  the  lower  position  and  near  the  pre- 
ceding word,  called  "juxtaposition,"  to  indicate 
I  in  phrases. 

am       am-in         will         hope         shall       have        see 
I-am    I-am-in       I-will      I-hope      I-shall    I-have      I-see 


42  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


Advanced  Phrases 

in  reply  to  your  favor 

would  state  that 
we  do  not  carry 
in  stock  the 


and  forward 
as  soon  as  received 
y^^ — ^  arrive  in  due  time 

1.    -^,/ for  your  relief 


-c^ 


^ 


we  solicit 


*'\„/    a —      your  further  orders 
-      yours  very  truly 


% 


^-^ %e  are  in  receipt  of  your  letter 


with  orders  enclosed 

2 you  have  our  thanks 

we  note  what  you  say 


/ 


and  the  same  shall 
be  careful 


(\X\ your  orders 

9  y. very  truly  yours 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  43 

BUSINESS    LETTERS 

The  following  business  letters  should  be 
practiced  until  they  can  be  read  and  written 
with  speed,  and  the  characters  made  correctly : 

Letter  No.  1 

Messrs.  James  L.  Cooper  &  Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Gentlemen: — In-reply-to-your-favor  of -the  10th  inst., 
would-state-that  we-do-not-carry  in-stock-the  article  that- 
you  mention,  but-will  order  it  at-once  and-forward  to-you 
as-soon-as-received.  Hoping  it-will  arrive-in-due-time 
for-your-relief,  we-solicit  your-further-orders, 
Yours-very-truly, 

Letter  No.  2 

Messrs.  John  Newton  &  Co.,  Kansas-City,  Mo. 

Gentlemen:  —  We-are  in-receipt-of-your-letter  of -the 
18th  inst.,  with-orders-enclosed,  for-which  you-have-our- 
thanks.  We-note-what-you-say  about-the  method  of- 
delivery  and-the-same-shall  have-careful  attention. 

Trusting  we  may-be  favored  with  your-orders,  we 
remain, 

Very-truly-ydurs, 

Letter  No.  3 


^^' 


S-^-    ■   ^-^ 


^^^^^'-tT?^^  v^'^'^  -> 


44 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


Letter  No.  3 

Mr.  Frank  Hartley,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

Dear-Sir : — We-are-in-receipt-of-your-f  avor  of -the  22nd 
inst.,  but  have  delaj'ed  replying  to-you  until  we-can-get 
definite  prices  for-the-market  at-that-time.  It  would-seem 
to-us-that  the  color  you-mention  would-not-be  light 
enough  for-that  climate,  at-least  we-have-very  few  calls- 
for-that-color  in-your  district.  We-are,  however,  in  a 
position  to-take-your-orders  for  future  delivery. 
RespectfuUy-yours, 


Writing  Exercise  28 


1 

he  was  caught 

26 

you  are  sorry 

2 

by  them 

27 

you  must  be  certain 

3 

he  could  not 

28 

you  will  perceive 

4 

by  that 

29 

you  must  try 

5 

do  you  think 

30 

you  are  prepared 

6 

in  that 

31 

we  will  try 

7 

you  must  come 

32 

we  shall  do 

8 

you  must  go 

33 

they  have  been 

9 

it  is  then 

34 

we  did  not 

10 

it  was  not 

35 

we  do  not 

11 

you  must  not 

36 

we  will  do  so 

12 

it  is  not 

37 

my  dear 

13 

you  may  not 

38 

my  dear  sir 

14 

they  have  not 

39 

my  dear  friend 

15 

and  if  not 

40 

my  dear  madam 

16 

it  cannot 

41 

please  let  us  know 

17 

you  cannot 

42 

are  you  ready 

18 

he  may  not 

43 

which  have  been 

19 

they  do  not 

44 

which  have  not  been 

20 

I  may  not 

45 

which  have  done 

21 

you  can  have 

46 

which  have  not  done 

22 

you  may  go 

47 

it  will  have  been 

23 

we  must  be 

48 

rather  than 

24 

we  must  do 

49 

more  than 

25 

of  your  letter 

50 

higher  than  the 

REMEMBER  that  IS,  HIS,  AS  and  HAS 
may  be  added  to  HOW,  WHO  and  HE  by 
shading.    THE  may  be  added  to  OF  and  TO  by 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  45 

shading.    THE,  AND    and   SHOULD   may  be 
struck  both  up  and  down  in  phrases. 


LESSON  6 

R  and  L  in  the  First  Syllable 

R  and  L  following  a  long  vowel  or  diphthong  in 
the  first  syllable  of  a  word,  after  the  strokesT, 
P,  KAY,  ISH,  S,  GAY,  D,  B,  and  F  should  not 
be  written  with  a  hook;  but  the  stroke  for  R  or 
L  should  connect  on  finally. 

tower    bower    shower    flower    boils    bowel    dowel    toil 

fail    sail    boll    tore      small      tail      pail      snail        rail 

Writing  Exercise  29 

1  Tail,  tower,  tore,  boll,  dowel,  roar,  bole,  roll,  bowel, 

2  snail,  boils,  bower,  small,  toils,  shower,  fall,  Howel, 

3  flower,  fewer,  Joel,  steal,  rail,  pale,  bale,  towel,  fail, 

4  spoil,  trowel,  scale,  hale,  liar,  mail,  floor,  door,  gore. 

The  Enlarged  Final  Loop 

A  loop  on  the  final  end  of  a  stroke  may  be 
enlarged  to  add  R. 


.X?. 


^^      b     a.-^ ^ 


richer      preacher      teacher      dredger      hatcher      lodger 


46  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


S,    ST   and    KT   after   CHAY   and   JAY   Loops 

A  loop  on  the  final  end  of  a  stroke  maj'  be 
extended  on  through  to  the  opposite  side  to  add 
S,  ST,  and  KT,  tus: 

^ — :^-. -.-^-^ ^-^'- 


riches        richest        reject        inject        subject        objects 


Writing  Exercise  30 

1  Lodges,    gouges,    pages,    eschews,    attaches,    gages, 

2  fetches,     patches,     rages,     inches,    preaches,    teaches 

3  digest,   inject,   deject,   injects,   object,   reject,   riches, 

4  richest,  judges,  wages,  hedges,  changes,  cages,  drenches, 

5  pinches,  ranches,  plunges. 


The  P  and  B  Hook 

The  r  and  V  hook  may  have  the  hook  made 
longer  to  be  read  P  or  B.  The  P  and  B  hook  is 
not  universally  used;  principally  in  phrases  and 
to  make  good  connections.  P  and  B  have  similar 
sounds. 

-o        ^*       Ol  „      .   .     ~^.  ^^* 


'- — ^ — n    V). 


may-be    can-be    embodj'    will-be    pup    cab    cub    mop 
SPL  Initially 

"'V"^-     "^^' — ''^ — ^' "^^ 

splutter       splinter       split       spleen       splash       splendid 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  47 

SHAY  Used  for  ZHAY 

It  may  be  seen  from  the  following  examples 
that  SHAY  may  be  used  for  ZHAY,  as  the 
sounds  are  similar. 


-f^ ^ ^^—^, 7^ 7t— 

usual       usurer       usury       pleasure       measure       leisure 

NOTICE  that  USUAL,  USURER  and 
USURY  are  not  written  in  "juxtaposition"  in 
the  above  engraving,  but  should  be  in  "juxta- 
position" when  in  a  sentence. 

Compound  Words 

Word-signs  may  be  joined  to  one  another  and 
to  other  words  to  form  compound  words. 

-cv   .y — ^ — z/=^ — cT^ — ^^ 


therefore     thereat     therein     thereon     thereto     wherein 


I ^— ^ 


herewith    herein    hereat    heretofore    wherefore    anyone 


7         i  G  ^ 


r 


however    whatever    whereas    wheresoever    whomsoever 


^^ ^^ ^ ^^ 


nevertheless        notwithstanding        thereupon         nobody 


48  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

Writing  Exercise  31 

1  Whenever,  whatever,  somehow,  thereupon,  hereafter, 

2  however,      anybody,      notwithstanding,      meantime, 

3  nobody,     nevertheless,     elsewhere,     anyone,     before- 

4  hand,    everyone,    whereupon,    therefrom,    wherefore, 

5  wherein,     thereto,     whereas,     whatsoever,     thereon, 

6  therefore,      somewhere,      whomsoever,      whensoever, 

7  therein,    whereof,    hereat,    herein,   hereto,   heretofore, 

8  herewith. 

The  Joining  of  Strokes 

In  joining  strokes  together  they  should  make 
acute  angles  instead  of  rounding  turns,  so  as  to 
distinguish  where  one  begins  and  the  other 
leaves  off.  It  also  allows  of  greater  speed  in 
writing.  Sometimes  it  is  not  possible  to  make 
acute  angles  by  the  usual  methods;  but  by 
using  the  R-hook  as  a  connecting  hook  we  may 
always  make  good  connections.  Whenever  the 
R-hook  is  used  for  a  connecting  hook  the  stroke 
should  be  shaded  to  indicate  that  it  is  used  for  a 
connecting  hook  instead  of  R.  Using  the  R-hook 
for  a  connecting  hook  will  not  clash  with  its  use 
as  an  R-hook  for  several  reasons:  first,  the  two 
strokes  should  have  nearly  the  same  direction  at 
the  point  of  junction  to  have  had  need  of  a 
connecting  hook;  second,  the  context  will 
usually  distinguish  their  meaning;  third,  the 
outlines  will  soon  become  familiar  to  the  student. 

pony  Lincoln   taffy   paddy   remit   candy   beaten   treaty 

The  above  line  is  not  correct;  the  following 
line  of  words  is  the  correction  for  the  above  line  of 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  49 


words,  made  so  by  using  the  connecting  hook: 
pony   Lincoln   taffy   paddy   remit   candy   beaten   treaty 


Context 

Context  is  defined  as  woven  together  or  con- 
nected in  thought ;  therefore,  when  an  outline  in  a 
sentence  could  be  interpreted  two  different  ways, 
the  one  that  sounds  the  best  in  the  sentence  will 
be  the  one  to  use  generally;  that  is  called 
reading  by  context.  The  context  will  make  it 
easy  to  distinguish  between  the  long  and  the 
short  vowel  in  the  first  syllable;  therefore,  the 
dot  may  be  omitted  from  now  on. 


Special  Phrasing 

The  F  or  V  hook  may  be  used  for  OF  or 
HAVE  in  a  few  instances  only. 

they-have     each-of     out-of      we-have      both-of      are-of 


The  Small  Circle  Finally 

The  small  circle  may  be  used  for  US  at  the 
final  end  of  words,  thus: 


50 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


V.       ^ ^ f^ 1^ ^- 

for-us       from-us       give-us       let-us       take-us       have-us 

IS,    HIS,    AS   and  HAS 

The  small  circle  expressing  IS,  HIS,  AS  and 
HAS  may  be  connected  in  phrases  initially, 
medially  and  finally,  thus: 


X. 


so-as-the         and-his-name         and-as-the         as-many-as 


Writing  Exercise  32 


1 

it  is  wrong 

12 

near  us 

23 

are  of 

2 

it  is  said 

13 

let  us 

24 

both  of 

3 

as  long  as 

14 

for  us 

25 

we  have 

4 

as  soon  as 

15 

through  us 

26 

out  of 

5 

as  good  as 

16 

backs  us 

27 

each  of 

6 

as  far  as 

17 

induces  us 

28 

they  have 

7 

in  his  own 

18 

amuses  us 

29 

all  of 

8 

do  as  the 

19 

against  us 

30 

all  have 

9 

it  is  one 

20 

from  us 

31 

as  to  the 

10 

it  has  been 

21 

give  us 

32 

have  us 

11 

it  is  true 

22 

takes  us 

33 

under  us 

Write  ST  for  XT 

Write  the  large  circle  ST  for  XT,  in  a  few 
special  words  and  phrases,  thus: 


ViD 


^ -t 


-^ 


-^^^^^^ 


next 


our-text 


my-text     next-time         next-week 


^ 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  51 

Advanced  Phrasing — Continued 

I  am  in  receipt  of  your  letter 

•      regret  to  state 

are  unable 

at  this  time 
that  you  require 

ly/    y •  we  assure  you  that 

\o  be  pleased  to 

^^% as  soon  as  possible 

cf^\ we  are  surprised  to 

-r hear  from  you 


y^ 


^^/ 


is  in  Such 

always  considered  you 

your  situation 

your  obedient  servant 

we  are  in  receipt  of  your  favor 

we  can  get 

for  the  market 

at  that  time 
that  your  account 

as  soon  as  we  receive  them 


52  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


Letter  No.  4 

Mr.  Morris  Bentley,  Dallas,  Texas. 

Dear-Sir: — I-am-in-receipt-of-your-letter  of -the  15th 
inst.  and  regret-to-state  that- we  are-unable  at-this-time  to 
forward-the  information  that-you-require.  We-assure-you- 
that  we-will  be-pleased-to  do-so  as-soon-as-possible.  We- 
are-surprised-to  hear-from-you  that-your  business  is-in- 
such  a  deplorable  condition.  I-have  always-considered-you 
an  intelligent  business  man,  and-can  hardly  realize 
your-situation. 

Your-obedient-servant, 


^\^^^^  ^     ^^.^^P^-,- 


Letter  No.  5 

Mr.  James  Jones,  Los  Angeles,  California. 

Dear  Sir: — This-is-to  remind-you  that-your-account 
with-us-is  due  on-the  5th,  and-as-we-are-depending  on-this 
money-to  use-in-the  settlement  of-our  bills  which  are 
due-on-the  7th,  we-ask-you-to-remit  promptly  on-the  5th 
as-we-will-be-pressed  at-the-time  for-money. 

Hoping  to-receive-the  amount  in-due-time,  we-remain, 
Very-respectfully, 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  53 


Letter  No.  6 


-\.  '>o  ^-^  ;'^ 


Letter  No.  6 

Mr.  T.  S.  Watson,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Dear-Sir: — The  goods  ordered  by-you-the  2oth  ultimo 
are-to-be  shipped  as-soon-as-we-receive-them  from-the- 
east,  which  requires  ten-days  in  transit,  and-three-days- 
more-from  here  will  make  it  about  two-weeks  before-you- 
receive-them. 

Thanking  you-for  past-orders,  we-remain, 

Very-respectfully, 

Writing  Exercise  33 

The  student  should  write  the  following  phrases 
very  carefully,  making  all  the  strokes  the  proper 
length.  They  should  then  be  studied  closely, 
rewritten  and  re-read  often. 


1 

many  times 

24 

do  you  recall 

•2 

many  more 

25 

do  you  play 

3 

many  such 

26 

for  you  are 

4 

as  many  as  possible 

27 

did  you  receive 

5 

by  many  ways 

28 

and  such  may 

6 

by  many  persons 

29 

did  you  come 

7 

it  was  many  times 

30 

for  such  as 

8 

it  was  never 

31 

give  you  my  reasons 

9 

it  was  necessary 

32 

had  you  reasons 

54 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


10 

it  is  not  so 

33 

for  which  it 

11 

it  was  not 

34 

for  which  he 

12 

it  is  necessary 

35 

in  which  it 

13 

it  is  no  time 

36 

and  which  it 

14 

it  seems 

37 

they  will 

15 

it  is  one 

38 

you  will  be  sorry 

16 

it  is  many 

39 

you  might  not  be 

17 

this  people 

40 

you  may  never 

18 

this  one  thing 

41 

you  are  never 

19 

this  period 

42 

you  are  supposed 

20 

this  reason 

43 

you  must  accept 

21 

give  you  my 

44 

you  must  become 

22 

did  you  run 

45 

you  must  also 

23 

for  you  may 

46 

you  may  receive 

LESSON 

7 

WAY  may  be  added  to  the  sounds  of  strokes 
S,  HAY,  T,  D,  KAY  and  GAY  by  leaving  a 
greater  space  between  outlines  than  the  regular 
distance — about  ]/2  inch.  The  characters  are 
named  SWAY,  HWAY,  TWAY,  DWAY, 
KWAY  and  GWAY.  HWAY  is  equivalent  to 
WH.    KWAY  is  sounded  like  QU. 


The    white  lady  quickly    left    for    the    dwelling. 

NOTICE  that  WHITE,  QUICKLY  and 
DW^ELLING  are  each  placed  farther  from  the 
preceding  strokes  than  the  usual  distance,  to  ad* 
the  sound  of  WAY  to  the  strokes. 


^— U 


She       sweetly        swore-the    squire    would 


squeal. 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  55 


V-4-4 ^ 


But  twice  he  said  guano  and      guava. 

KWAY,  GWAY,  TWAY,  DWAY  and  HWAY 

need  be  indicated  only  in  the  first  syllable, 
as  KAY,  GAY,  T,  D,  and  HAY  will  indicate  it 
sufficiently  after  the  first  syllable.  Whenever  a 
vowel  precedes  KWAY  the  KAY  may  be  written 
in  "juxtaposition"  if  preferable,  as  KAY  is  a 
good  substitute  for  Q. 

-"^ — n — ^ — ^i — 

indwelling       untwist        Paraguay       between       betwixt 

Writing  Exercise  34 

1.  Be  quick  or  the  quail  will  fly  away  to  its  quarry. 
2.  The  earthquake  shook  the  squire  qxiite  roughly.  3.  He 
was  seen  to  quake  with  fear,  as  the  queer  looking  animal 
came  towards  him.  4.  He  dwells  in  the  house  on  the  hill 
opposite  the  new  dwelling.  5.  We  require  that  your 
request  be  in  a  written  form.  6.  Guano  and  guava  are  two 
uncommon  words.  7.  We  request  that  you  go  in  quest  of 
the  query.  8.  His  face  twitched  queerly  and  with  agony 
of  pain.  9.  Give  the  twigs  a  twist.  10.  Mr.  Dwyer  does 
not  dwell  in  Quebec.  11.  The  language  which  he  spoke  could 
not  be  distinguished  from  the  twang  of  the  linguist.  12.  He 
was  betwixt  and  between  Paraguay  and  Uraguay.  13.  The 
boy  may  sweep,  swing  and  switch.  14.  The  man  swore  the 
swede  was  swift.  15.  The  usurer,  as  usual,  had  no  pleasure 
or  leisure.  16.  When  he  split  his  finger  he  cried  with 
anguish.  17.  He  vent  his  spleen  and  began  to  splutter 
and  .splash.  18.  He  was  swearing  as  he  was  swerving  to 
the  right.  19.  The  rich  preacher  and  teacher  was  a  lodger 
at  the  hotel,  when  the  dredger  went  by.  20.  The  object 
of  the  subject  was  not  known.  21.  It  can  be,  may  be,  and 
will  be,  embodied  in  the  cab.    22.  Run  the  pup  out. 


56  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

The  Indication  of  TO 

TO  may  be  indicated  by  leaving  a  greater 
space  between  outlines  than  the  regular  distance 
— about  Yi  inch.  The  indication  of  TO  is  the 
same  as  the  indication  for  SWAY,  HWAY, 
TWAY,  DWAY.  KWAY,  and  GWAY,  but  will 
not  clash  with  them.  TO  when  indicated  by  the 
above  method  is  read  first. 


^ M f^^ V^^ ^^-=- ^ 

do    to-do    see    to-see    be    to-be    go    to-go    me    to-me 

Consecutive  Vowels 

Where  vowels  predominate  and  follow  one 
another  consecutively,  WAY  and  YAY  strokes 
may  be  substituted  in  place  of  some  of  the 
vowels,  in  all  words  similar  to  the  following : 

%^   c^   \—^^\ — ^\4 

fluent     client   bunion      ruin        Leo   aerial  Ohio   poetic 


Writing  Exercise  35 

1  Roseate,    ruined,    fluent,    client,    lenient,    bunion, 

2  onion,   Iowa,   Ohio,   Noah,  idea,  deity,   gaiety,   ruin, 

3  cameo,  area,  deviate,  Leo,  bayou,  iota,  duello,  poetic, 

4  aerial,  Ionic,  ideal. 

Accent 

Words  that  have  their  accent  on  the  second 
syllable,  containing  a  long  vowel  or  diphthong 
with  a  short  initial  vowel,  need  not  be  written 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  57 

near  the  preceding  word  to  show  the  initial 
vowel,  but  written  in  the  regular  way  to  indicate 
the  more  important  syllable;  that  is,  omit  the 
first  syllable  in  a  few  words  like  the  following: 

^ ^v -^ ) 5 ^^ -^- 

abase      about      aloud      ado      abound      arise      around 

Special  Word-Signs 

_C L ^^ ^ (;.  _ 

satisfied    satisfactory    remember-ed    somewhat    suggest 


forthwith    anguish    company    immediately    satisfaction 


Writing  Exercise  36 

1.  He  was  satisfied  that  it  would  not  be  satisfactory, 
when  he  remembered  that  it  was  somewhat  small  for  the 
company's  purposes,  and  immediately  suggested  a  change. 

2.  He  cried  with  anguish  and  forthwith  left  his  home. 

3.  Their  satisfaction  was  not  immediately  satisfactory  to 
the  company.    4.  He  did  remember,  somewhat  as  the  other 


PARAGRAPHS.  In  starting  a  paragraph 
the  writer  usually  has  a  particular  place  to  start 
from ;  therefore,  if  the  first  word  commences  with 
a  vowel  begin  your  writing  farther  to  the  left 
than  usual,  and  if  the  first  word  commences  with 
TO  or  TWAY,  DWAY,  SWAY,  HWAY, 
KWAY  and  GWAY  commence  your  writing 
further  to  the  right. 


58  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


;i:Q. 


^ 


<y^  '^^   \Z 


7 


Aj— f^y -^    •    'Y      ; 


Letter  No.  7 

Mrs.  Francis  Wilkins,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

Dear-Madam: — ^Your-favor  of  July  16th  is-at-hand, 
and-in-reply  would-say-that  if-you  had  mentioned  your 
arrangement  with-our  agent,  we  should-not-have-written 
as-we  did. 

We-sent  to-your-address  by-this  mail,  a-package  of- 
sample  copies  of-the  magazine  and-shall-be  pleased-to-send 
such  further-numbers  as-you-may  from-time-to-time  be 
able  to-use  to-ad vantage. 

Yours-truly, 


r  ^'  \ 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  59 


Letter  No.  8 

Mr.  Calvin  Dennis,  Savannah,  Georgia. 

Dear-Sir: — Your-favor  of-the  26th  ult.  is-received. 
As-our  mortgages  and-notes  are-payable  at-this-office,  it-is 
against  our  rules  to-forward-them  to-banks  for-coUection. 
Upon-receipt  of  a-check  for-the-amount  mentioned  in-the 
statement,  we-will  forward  all-papers,  including  release 
and-check-to  pay  for  filing-the-same. 

Yours-truly, 


■L,  .\./^C^^  i^^ 


Letter  No.  9 

Mr.  Henry  M.^nning,  Toronto,  Canada. 

Dear-Sir: — In-reply-to-your-favor  of-the  3rd  inst.,  with- 
reference-to-the  clock,  we-desire  to-say-that-the  company- 
makes-no  allowance  for-such  purposes,  and,  as- we  pay- 
you-more-than-the  usual  commission  on-all-business, 
it- was  intended  that-such  commission  would-pay-all 
incidental  expenses,  and-therefore,  we-are  constrained 
to-say-that-we-cannot  allow-the  charge  to-be-made  for-the 
mending  of-the-clock. 

Hoping  this-will-be  satisfactory,  we-remain. 
Very-respectfuUy, 


60  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


10 


^ 


Xi. 


Letter  No.  10 

Mr.  Thomas  Renshaw,  Moline,  Illinois. 

Dear  Sir: — On-the  4th  inst.,  we-requested  you-to 
forward-to  this-office  an  itemized-account  of-your  expen- 
ditures up  to-date.  This  is  a  form-which-we-have-been 
obliged  to-ask  from-all  our  agents  upon  instructions  from- 
the  home  office.  Each  agent  is  expected  to-make  out  an 
itemized-accovmt  of  expenditures  on  the  15th  of  each 
month,  and-send  to  this-office. 

Yours  truly, 


Practice  Matter 

The  student  is  now  far  enough  advanced  to 
practice  all  kinds  of  printed  matter.  Don't 
forget  to  use  the  R-hook  for  a  connecting  hook 
when  needed  to  make  good  connections;  but  do 
not  use  the  connecting  hook  unless  really  needed. 
Sometimes  by  changing  from  a  stroke  to  a  hook, 
circle  or  loop,  or  from  a  hook  circle  or  loop  to  a 
stroke,  the  necessity  for  the  connecting  hook  is 
obviated.  Take  a  few  sentences  and  write  them 
out  carefully,  then  revise  them  until  they  are 
correct  in  every  detail,  and  by  practicing  those 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  61 

sentences  repeatedly  the  outline  will  soon  be- 
come familiar  to  the  student.  After  the  student 
has  become  familiar  with  any  particular  matter, 
he  should  then  write  it  from  dictation  over  and 
over  until  the  speed  of  sixty  or  seventy  words  per 
minute  is  reached;  then  pass  on  to  new  matter 
and  repeat  the  operation.  Editorials  in  the 
newspapers  make  good  practice  matter.  We 
know  of  no  better  way  of  learning  the  rules  than 
for  the  student  to  begin  at  the  first  of  the  book 
and  write  the  rules  in  this  shorthand.  The  rules 
in  this  system  of  shorthand  are  practically 
without  exceptions,  therefore,  if  the  student 
learns  them  thoroughly  he  will  have  very  little 
trouble  in  writing  after  any  speaker,  whether  the 
words  are  familiar  or  not. 


LESSON  8 

Prefixes,  Suffixes  and  Omissions 

The  prefixes  SELF,  CIRCUM  or  CIR- 
CUMS  may  be  expressed  by  using  the  circle  and 
hook  SEZ  initially  on  strokes.  The  circle  and 
hook  SEZ  is  used  finally  for  SELF  and  SELVES. 


.JL- 


4- ^ 


self-interest       self-made       selfish        self-same        myself 


-X- 


^^ ^^^.^^ ^ 


circumstances     circumscribe     circumspect     circumjacent 


It 
62  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


^ ^  l» 


-JS- 


our-self       our-selves       yourself       himself       them-selves 

Writing  Exercise  37 

1  Circumference,     circumscribe,     circumstances,     cir- 

2  cumvent,  circumscription,  circumspect,  circumvolution, 

3  circumnavigate,    circumstantial,    circumjacent,    uncir- 

4  cumscribed,     circumvolve,     uncircumspectly,     uncir- 

5  cumstantial,       self-esteem,       selfish,       self-reproach, 

6  self-centered,  himself,  thyself,  yourselves,  themselves, 

7  self-knowing,  ourselves,  self-same,  self-made,  herself. 

The  Suffixes  BLE,  FUL  and  SHIP 

B  may  be  written  for  BLE,  F  for  FUL  and 
SHAY  for  SHIP  at  the  final  end  of  long  words. 


^ ^ \ 


syllable       fashionable       accountable       careful       cupful 


■'^  ^    ^    ^-^ — r 


7  ^ 

armful    joyful    township    Lordship    friendship    needful 

Writing  Exercise  38 

1  Fellowship,  friendship,  hardship,  township,  heedful, 

2  armful,  joyful,  cupful,  careful,  attainable,  fashionably, 

3  accountable.    Lordship,    invincible,    lawful,    syllable, 

4  playful. 

ANTI,  UNDER,   INTER,  ENTER  and  AFTER 

When   ANTE,    UNDER,    INTER,    INTRO 
and  AFTER  are  prefixes  they  may  be  written 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  63 

UND,  INT,  ENT  and  AFT,  instead  of  writing  in 
full,  by  means  of  the  lengthening  principle,  thus : 

^ — ^^ ^=^= — ^-^^ — ^^ 

undertake     understand     interfere     afternoon     introduce 


afterwhile       entertainment       international       antiseptic 

LESSNESS,    IVENESS,    FULNESS  and  BLENESS 

The  suffixes  LESSNESS,  IVENESS,  FUL- 
NESS and  BLENESS  may  be  expressed  by 
writing  LENS,  YENS,  FLENS  and  BLENS,  by 
means  of  the  shortening  principle,  thus: 


-t ^=^ ^^ 


carelessness        sinfulness        secretiveness      teachableness 

ILITY,  ALITY,  ERITY  and  ARITY 

The  suffixes  ILITY,  ALITY,  ERITY  and 
ARITY  may  be  expressed  by  the  lengthening 
principle,  thus: 


^=^^. ^^ ^S\^ 


inability  infidelity  respectability        prosperity 

TIVE  and  TIVELY 

The  V-hook  or  stroke  may  be  used  for  TIVE, 


64  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

and  the  V  stroke  with  L-hook  for  TIVELY,  thus: 

-^^t ^ ? 

inventive  inventively  objective        defectively 

Omit  KAY 

A  great  many  words  may  be  contracted  by 
omitting  KAY  when  it  is  in  the  latter  part  of  a 
syllable,  before  the  following  syllables:  TED, 
TION,  ING,  IVE  and  LY,  thus: 

^r       ^i n ^U- 

directly  instructive  contracted        contracting 

OLOGY  and  OLOGICAL 

OLOGY  and  OLOGICAL  may  be  expressed 
by  writing  Lej  and  Lej-KAY,  thus: 


-ji f. J^ i^ — 

theology  zoology  theological  physiological 


Omit  P 


Omit  P  after  M  at  the  final  end  of  a  syllable 
usually,  thus: 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  65 


—5 ^ :\ . — g L 

exemption       attempt       presumption       glimpse  stamped 


The  Omission  of  R 

There  are  a  great  many  words  where  R  may  be 
omitted.  Many  people  in  the  southern  part  of 
the  United  States  of  America  use  the  R  very 
little,  except  when  it  precedes  a  vowel  in  a 
syllable,  thus: 


\_ 


-i ^.=: ^^ ~ '^^      '^^ 

foresee     foreman     foretell     onward     backward     forward 


Omit  S  in  MIS  and  DIS 

S  may  be  omitted  in  the  prefixes  MIS  and  DIS 
where  they  do  not  make  good  connections,  thus: 


4^ }- 


^ 


discharge        disjoin        mischief        misjudge        mishear 

HAY  Omitted 

HAY  may  be  omitted  in  a  great  many  words. 
When  HAY  is  omitted  at  the  initial  end  of  a  word 
it  must  be  written  in  juxtaposition. 

HAPPY  would  be  written  A-PE 
HAPPEN  would  be  written  A-PEN 
HANDY  would  be  WTitten  AN-DE 


66  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

APPREHEND  would  be  written  A-PREND 
HABIT  would  be  written  A-BET 
COMPREHEND  would  be  WTitten  KOM-PREND 
HALF  would  be  written  AF 
HAND  would  be  written  AND 
HOUSE  would  be  written  OUS 
HALF-DIME  would  be  Written  AF-DEM 
HAND-BAG  would  be  wTitten  AND-BEG 

-— ^ ^ c ^      '    ^^-^ 

The  half  negro  found  a  half-dime  and  was  happy. 

Written  Exercise  39 

1  Foreman,    foresee,     foretop,     foretell,      misjudge, 

2  mischief,     mishear,      dishorn,      disjoin,      discharge, 

3  introspective,       interloper,       interaction,       interna- 

4  tional,     interfere,     intercourse,      afterward,      after- 

5  while,     afternoon,     introduce,     understand,     under- 

6  take,     enterprise,     antiseptic,      antecedent,     enter- 

7  tainment,     construction,     contraction,     contractive, 

8  directing,    infective,    contracting,    contracted,    dis- 

9  tracted,   infection,   direction,    presumption,   glimpse, 

10  stamped,  attempt,  exemption,  redemption,  secretive- 

11  ness,    teachableness,    sinfulness,    carelessness,    defec- 

12  tively,  objectively,  inventively,  inventive,   nobility, 

13  ability,    prosperity,   infidelity,    popularity,   inability, 

14  irritability,      physiological,      theological,       zoology, 

15  theology,  biology. 

16  He-had-the    habit    of    sticking    his    hand    into-the 

hand-bag. 

17  He   happened   to-be-as   handy    to    apprehend    as-to 

comprehend. 

18  The  rooming  house  had  plenty  of  house-room. 

Reading  Exercise  40 

^    -'(     '    1       t     •  ^^      


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  67 


Letter  No.  11 

Mr.  L.  S.  Shuman,  Spokane,  Washington. 

Dear  Sir: — In-answer-to-your-letter  as-to  whether 
we-will-send  goods  in  advance  of  payment  we-will-state- 
that,  the  most  convenient-way  will-be  for-you  to-send-the 
entire-amount  in  advance.  If-you-wish,  however,  you- 
may-send  half  and-the-other  half  will-be  collected  by-the 
express-company.  Trusting  this  will-please  you, 
we-remain, 

Yours-truly, 


^-^v"  ^   1   ^^-v^-^v^ 


Letter  No.  12 

Mr.  Henry  Morisson,  Kansas  City,  Kansas. 

Dear-Sir: — I-am-in-receipt-of-your-letter  of-the  24th 
inst.,  and-we-wish  to-state-that  when  you-are-readj'' 
we-will-be  glad  to-receive  an  order-from-you  at-the 
earliest-possible  moment.  We-fill  orders  the-same  day- 
that-they-are  received. 

Yours-truly, 


68  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


^T-^ ^ 


13 


UL 


^  [  ^^  ^v^  --^-o  \ 


10 


C.V    ^^'    .s       ^   <r    ^^,^  : 


7^ 


s   V" 


^ 


Letter  No.  13 

Messrs.  Meakin  &  Co.,  Clinton,  Iowa. 

Gentlemen: — We-are  to-day  in-receipt-of-your-lettcr  of 
June  8th,  stating  that-you-cannot  fill  our  order  before-the 
20th,  therefore,  we-would  hke-you  to-make-the  following 
changes  in-the-order:  substitute  one  heavy  carriage 
for-the  two  light  ones  that-were  ordered  and-send  only 
two-wagons  altogether. 

Truly-yours, 


LESSON  9 
SYLLABICATION 

The  English  language  is  divided  into  syllables; 
therefore,  as  this  system  of  shorthand  is  nearly 
syllabic  we  may  divide  the  words  into  syllables 
to  aid  in  writing.  The  syllabic  method  in  short- 
hand is  often  quite  different  from  the  regular 
method  and  should  be  known  as  the  shorthand 
syllable.  In  this  system  divide  the  words  so  as  to 
indicate  that  a  vowel  follows  the  consonant, 
where  possible.  The  following  exercises  show 
both  methods  of  syllabication,  thus: 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  69 


^V- L.      ,-7 /J^ ^"^^     ^0 


cia-ret   bu-ry     hor-ny     lea-ven    le-ver     me-rit    rea-dy 
clar-et   bur-y     horn-y     leav-en    lev-er     mer-it    read-y 

The  Contraction  of  Syllables 

A  great  many  words  may  be  contracted  from 
two,  three,  four  and  five  to  one,  two  and  three 
syllables,  making  it  speedier  and  easier  to  write, 
thus: 


^.      ^      1 ^ 


~i^ 


blev       av-nu       las-tud       in-vet-ret      ref-re       cont-nent 
be-lieve  las-si-tude  ref-er-ee 

av-e-nue  in-vet-er-ate  con-ti-nent 


— v^- 


^" 


pu-slan-mus     prem-try       klekt        kab-net     pri-fry 

per-em-to-ry  cab-in-et 

pu-sil-lan-i-mous  col-Iect  pe-riph-e-ry 

Writing  Exercise  41 

1  Postulate,  fortitude,  fortified,  character,  correctly, 

2  believe,     avenue,     pusillanimous,      mitigate,     extem- 

3  porate,     inveterate,     lassitude,     cabinet,     continent, 

4  referee,     periphery,     mediate,     pardoning,     parceling, 

5  pastorate,  severity,  experiment,  sanctification,  popu- 

6  larity,    familiarity,    criminal,    preUminary,    Almighty, 

7  embody,  nobody. 

The  Study  of  Words 

The  student  should  make  a  study  of  words,  as 
to  their  division  by  syllables  as  well  as  the 
shortening  of  the  number  of  syllables  in  a  words 
for  it  will  aid  in  getting  speed;  also  aid  in  the 
contraction  of  phrases. 


70 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


The  Contraction  of  Phrases 

The  syllabic  method  of  contracting  words  may 
be  extended  to  phrases  by  a  slight  stretching  of 
the  imagination,  thus: 


smat-krs 
a-sns 

to-grt-stnt 

mor-ls 
wev-nt 

sfors-psbl 

Imn-st-ltr 

you-knt 

wel 

and-fts 

fakt-mtr 

Im-dr-stt 

smat-fkt 

Ib-knl-st-ltr 

wern-ps-shn 
your-lbr 

wern-st-fv 

fas-fs 

bak-bk 


7- 


1 


as  a  matter  of  course 
as  soon  as 

to  a  great  extent 

more  or  less 
we  have  not 

as  far  as  possible 

I  am  in  receipt  of  your  letter 

you  cannot 
we  will 
and  if  it  is 
fact  of  the  matter 

I  am  directed  to  state 

as  a  matter  of  fact 

I  beg  to  acknowledge  receipt  of 


^^pr  your  letter 

we  are  in  position 
you  are  at  liberty 


^ 

aO 


^ 

■^ 


we  are  in  receipt  of  your  favor 
face  to  face 

back  to  back 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


71 


Writing  Exercise  42 

The  following  phrases  are  to  be  contracted  as 
indicated  below.  The  capital  letters  express  the 
strokes  and  the  small  letters  express  the  hooks, 
circles,  loops  and  vowels.  The  right-hand 
column  is  the  key  to  the  left-hand  column,  thus: 


less  and  less 

more  and  more 

again  and  again 

two  or  three 

for  the  present 

it  may  as  well 

from  first  to  last 

longer  and  longer 

over  and  over 

from  city  to  city 

from  day  to  day 

from  man  to  man 

from  end  to  end 

in  respect  to  these 

in  respect  to  his 

in  respect  to  one 

in  reply  to  their 

in  reply  to  yours 

in  reply  to  that 

in  regard  to  that 

in  regard  to  them 

at  the  same  time 

and  in  reply 

in  which  it  has  appeared 

of  which  it  has  been 

at  all  events 

I  will  consider  the  matter 

I  am  inclined  to  think 

I  wish  there  were 

I  know  there  is 

I  am  sure  there  is 

I  regard  the  matter 


Les  Ls 

Mor  Mr 

aGn  Gn 

toTHr 

Fo  PrSnt 

iTM  Wl 

first  Lst 

Longr  Lngr 

oVr  Vr 

sTsT 

DaD 

Man  Mn 

eNdNd 

eNr  sP  THs 

eNr  sPs 

eNr  sP  Wn 

eN  PI  THr 

eN  PI  your 

eN  PI  THt 

eN  Gd  THt 

eN  Gd  THm 

aT  Sm  Tm 

and  N  PI 

eN  which  Ts  Pr 

of  which  Ts  Bn 

aT  L  Vnts 

iL  sDr  Mtr 

iM  Kin  to  THnk 

ISH  THr  were 

iNTHrs 

iM  SHr  THrs 

iR  Gd  Mtr 


72 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


I  beg  to  state 

I  am  directed  to  state 

I  am  directed  to  inform  you 

I  beg  to  call  attention 

I  enclose  account 

I  enclose  invoice 

I  enclose  statement 

I  have  to  call  attention 

I  have  to  inform  you 

referring  to  yours 

referring  to  your  letter 

by  return  of  post 

by  parcel  post 

by  wire  at  once 

my  attention  has  been  called 


iBgst 
iM  Drst  T 
iM  Dr  Fm  you 
iBg  Kl  Tn 
iN  Kls  Knt 
IN  PQs  Vs 
IN  Kls  Tt 
iV  Kl  Tn 
iV  Fm  you 
Re  Fr  your 
Re  Fr  your  Ltr 
Bi  R  Trn  Pst 
Bi  Pr  si-  Pst 
Bi  Wr  Wns 
Mi  Tn  sBn  Kid 


The  Study  of  Phrases 

The  student  should  study  the  preceding 
phrases  carefully,  then  learn  to  make  contracted 
phrases  and  list  them  for  future  use;  likewise 
with  the  contracting  of  words.  The  training  that 
the  student  receives  from  the  study  of  con- 
tracted words  and  phrases  is  of  great  value  to 
him  in  getting  speed.  Speed  is  a  result  of  careful 
practice  after  learning  the  rules  thoroughly. 
Practicing  for  speed,  on  matter  with  which  you 
are  not  acquainted,  before  the  rules  are  learned, 
retards  the  progress. 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  73 


-^^3rV\— ^^t-^ 


Letter  No.  14 

Mr.  Arthur  Matthews,  Little  Rock,  Arkansas. 

Dear-Sir: — Having  completed  the  business  intrusted 
to-me  as  assignee  for-the  benefit  of-your  creditors,  I-beg-to 
notify-you-that  I-am-now  ready-to  render  my-accounts, 
and-to  deliver  into-your  hands  the-trust  imposed  upon-me. 

Enclosed  I-hand-you  a-fuU  and-correct-statement  of-the- 
transactions,  and  vouchers  for  each,  which  you-will-please 
accept,  and-if  satisfactory,  take-such  proceedings  as-will 
relieve-me  from-all-further  responsibility.  Allow  me  to 
congratulate  you  upon  so  favorable  an  ending  of-the 
matter. 

With-best  wishes-for-your  future  prosperity,  I-am, 
Yours-very-respectfully, 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


Letter  No.nS 

Mr.  J.  A.  Kent,  Cairo,  Illinois. 

Dear-Sir: — We-beg-leave  to-call  attention  to-the  enclosed 
which  appears  on-our  books  to-be  past  maturity.  Presum- 
ing that-you-have  had  ample  time  to-make  your-coUections 
and-forward  us-the-money,  we-hope-to-be  favored  with  an 
early  remittance. 

Unless  we-get  a  remittance  by-retum-mail,  we-shall- 
place-the  account  with-our  attorney  for-collection.  \Ve- 
want  our  money. 

Yours-respectfuUy, 


Letter  No.  16 

Mr.  Walter  Fassett,  Newton,  Kansas. 

Dear-Sir: — We-have  for  sale  in  Henry  County  the 
Northwest  Quarter  of  Section  Seventeen,  TowTiship  four. 
Range  Nine.  This  land  is- very  fertile  and-is  two-miles 
east  and-one  mile  south  of-your-land,  and- we  write  to-ask 
if-you-can-send-us  a  buyer  by-the-first  of  next  month? 
If-so  we-wnll-give  a  liberal  commission  to-the-salesman. 

We-are  offering-the  land  for  fifty  dollars  per  acre,  and- 
will   allow   liberal   terms   of   payment   to-the   purchaser. 
If-you  know  of  anyone  who-wishes  to-buy  it,  or-if-you-will 
buy  it  yourself,  you-may-save  the  commission. 
Truly-yours, 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  75 


LESSON  10 


The  Circle  for  STER 

Increase  the  size  of  circle  ST  to  express  STER 
where  convenient. 


-^^ — ^^ — /o — "V?; ^^-n — 

Mister     Mistress     master     luster     post-master     cluster 

MENT  and  NENT 

MENT  and  NENT  are  interchangeable,  at 
the  final  end  of  words,  to  make  good  connections, 
thus: 


f^  V~^       ^^^ 


46- 


odgement  prominent  parphment  permanent  derangement 


The  Extra  Length  for  SHUN 

The  syllables  SHION,  SIGN,  CIAN,  TIAN 
and  TION  may  be  expressed  by  adding  an  extra 
length  to  the  lengthened  stroke,  or  making  a 
stroke  5-12  inches  in  length,  to  be  used  where  it 
does  not  extend  too  far  below  the  line  of  writing, 
thus: 


76  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


motion       action       collection       exclusion       vaccination 


^^'^ 


resolutions        faction        direction        injection        nation 


Writing  Exercise  43 

1  And-for-their,      and-at-their,      and-through-their, 

2  and-in-their,       and-if-they-are,       and-another,    sub- 

3  mission,    delusion,    duration,    remission,    regulation, 

4  veneration,     extermination,     seclusion,     subsection, 

5  international,      occasion,      injunction,      resolutions, 

6  fiction,  exclusion,  emotion,  action,  permanent,  parch- 

7  ment,    prominent,    lodgement.   Mister,   post-master, 

8  investor,     cluster,     Custer,     Luster,    fester,     pester, 

9  muster,     impostor,     pastor,     next-week,     next-time, 
10  my-text,  our-text,  next. 


The  Shading  for  R 

When  shading  for  R  it  is  usually  supposed  that 
the  R  is  to  be  read  after  the  vowel,  but  exceptions 
may  be  made  in  words  like  the  following: 


-^ 


^3-^5 ^ ^ 


prescription     subscribe      prescribe     descry      description 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  77 


PUNCTUATION,  ETC. 

The  punctuation  in  shorthand  is  the  same  as 
in  longhand,  except  in  a  few  cases;  the  dash  is 
represented  by  a  wave  Hne  drawn  horizontal; 
the  parenthesis  is  made  with  two  dots  on  a 
horizontal  line.  Emphasis  is  marked  by  the 
underscore.  Capitals  are  indicated  by  drawing  a 
short  straight  stroke  across  the  first  stroke. 
The  hyphen  is  represented  by  the  mark  of 
equality.  A  perpendicular  wave  line  indicates 
that  the  preceding  sentence  is  taken  humorously. 
Initials  had  better  be  written  in  longhand  where 
very  important,  especially  W,  Y  and  H.  Some- 
times foreign  words  are  used  like  ICH  in  German 
and  LOCH  in  Scotch;  the  CH  sound  is  repre- 
sented by  a  small  half  circle  drawn  across  the 
stroke  K.  When  you  are  uncertain  about  a 
word,  whether  you  understand  it  correctly  or 
not,  draw  a  circle  around  it  and  when  you  fail 
to  hear  a  word  altogether  make  a  cross  mark  for 
every  word  left  out.  Foreign  vowels  may  be 
expressed  by  dots  and  dashes  placed  by  the 
sides  of  the  strokes.  Make  your  own  system  for 
foreign  vowels. 


Applause,  Dissent,  etc. 

When  there  is  applause,  write  the  word 
APPLAUSE  in  shorthand  and  if  continued 
applause  write  several  times  in  proportion  to 
the  amount  of  applause;  the  same  with  hisses, 
laughter  and  other  approbation  or  dissent  of  the 
audience. 


78  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

Figures,   etc. 

Small  numbers  should  be  written  in  figures, 
except  the  figure  ONE  when  standing  alone. 
Large  numbers  should  be  written  with  their 
outline  in  connection  with  the  small  figures; 
also,  with  the  dollars,  cents  and  pounds,  thus: 


-? 1- 1 (^ M)     "^^ 

700  $400     $200    $6,000  $7,000,000  $100,000 

3  lbs.      8  lbs.      100,000  lbs.      4,000,000  lbs.      8,000 


.^-^— t-?_<f_Z_/Z_^- 


20      30      40      50      60      70      80      90      8  feet  3  inches 


$123.42  $28.91 


Mr.  G.  J.  Terrell,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

Dear-Sir: — We-have-your-letter  of -recent  date,  asking 
our  opinion  of  Mr.  T.  H.  Jayson. 

We-are-pleased-to-say-that  Mr.  Jayson  was-in-our 
employ  five  years  and-we  consider  him  a  man  of 
excellent  character,  possessed  of  good  executive  ability  and 


7654 

7654 

3 
4 

27 

3  book  4  chap. 

27th  V. 

itter  No,  1 

.7 

DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  79 


able-to  handle  difficult  matters  diplomatically.  He-has  a 
pleasing  personality  and  enough  magnetism  to  hold-the 
attention  of -the  prospective  customer,  qualities  which 
are-so  essential  in-the-make-up  of  a  good  commercial 
traveler.  We-beUeve  you-will  make-no-mistake  in  adding 
him  to-your  force  of  salesmen. 

Yours-truly, 


Letter  No.  18 

Mr.  John  K.  Blue,  Ogden,  Utah. 

Dear-Sir  :—Your-letter-telegram  of -the  28th  was-duly 
received  and- we  answered  as  per-confirmation  herewith. 

We-regret  exceedingly  the  delay  in  filUng-your-order  but 
assure-you  it-was  due-to  circumstances  entirely  beyond  our 
control.  We-trust,  however,  that-no-time- will-be  lost  in 
transit  and-that-the  implements  will  reach  you-in-time 
for-your  exhibit  at-the  State  Fair. 

Trusting  we  maj'  continue  to  enjoy-your  patronage, 
we-remain, 

Yours-very-truly, 


Letter  No.  19 

Mr.  J.  A.  Turner,  Nome,  Alaska  Territory. 

Dear-Sir : — We-are-sorry-to  advise  you-that-we-do-not 
manufacture  regularly  a  machine  of-the  size  called  for-in 
your-letter  of-the  12th.  We-could,  however,  make  one-to- 
order  for-you-that-would-be  practically  the-same  in 
e  very-respect,  providing  you-send-the         proper 

measurements. 

If-you  desire-us-to  proceed  with-the  manufacture  of 
this  machine,  kindly  send-us  your  specifications  by-first 
mail,  as-it  would-in  all  probabiUty  require  two-or-three- 
weeks  to  fill-the  order. 

Yours-very-truly, 


80  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

LESSON  11 

Contractions 

The  outlines  of  hundreds  of  words  in  the 
English  language  would  be  too  long  and  would 
take  too  much  time  to  write  if  they  were  written 
in  full,  which  is  unnecessary  in  this  system  of 
shorthand,  as  one  rule  makes  hundreds  of  words 
conveniently  short.  The  rule  is  this:  Write 
as  much  of  the  initial  end  of  long  words  as 
necessary  to  indicate  what  they  are,  omitting  the 
final  end.  Usually  it  takes  three  syllables  in  the 
longest  words,  but  many  times  one  and  two 
syllables  will  indicate  it  fully,  as  the  long 
vowels  and  diphthongs  are  shown  in  the  first 
syllable  of  each  word.  Most  of  the  following 
words  are  contracted  by  this  rule,  but  some  are 
not  contracted  at  all,  others  irregularly. 


practlce-d-al-ly 

impossible-lllty 

remark-ed-able-y 

probable-y-lUty 

dlffer-ed-ence-ent 

peculiar-ly-lty 

perpetual-ly-ated-tlon 

aristocrat-lc-al-ly-cy 

antagontze-d-lst-lsm 

discrlmlnate-d-ly-tion 

indlgnant-ly-ity-tlon 

hospital-able-y-lty 

represent- tatlon-tlve 

efflcaclous-ly-ness 

architect-ure-al-ly 


V perpendlcular-ly-lty 

■^-N.  democrat-lc-al-ly-cy 

I  public-ly-lty-sh-ed 

^  \    ^-"V"] —       regeneration 

replenlsh-ed 

mistaken 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  81 


_,. r)  '\ develop-«(l-ment-al 


>\ 


electrlc-al-ly-ity 

approxlmate-ly-lty 

/  /^  '^ o         dllapldate-d-tlon 

agrlculture-al-Iy 

correct-ed-ly-nes8 
despicable-ly-ness 

extemporaneous-ly 

Irresponslble-y-lty 

\     D    V,    p  dlstlnct-ly-ness 

q) —      \ .       t; expect-ed-ation 

X  ^  Instlnct-ive-ly 

consplcuous-ly-ness 

eplscopal-ly-ian 

Inflnlte-simal-ly 

deslgnate-ed-tlon 

Indlvldual-ly-ity 

Intlmidate-d-tlon 

fastldlous-ly-ness 

astonlsh-ed-ment 

arlthmetlcal-ly 

facetlous-ly-ness 

Inflnite-ly-lty 

emphatlc-al-ly 

mlcroscope-ic-al-Iy 

omnlpotent-ly-ce 

omnipresent-ly-ce 

decapltate-d-tlon 

omnlaclent-ly-ce 

ausplcious-ly-nesa 

baptlze-d-lst-lsm 

Independ-ent-ce 

accord-lng-ly 

navigate-d-or-lon 

cathoUc-lsm-lty 

orthodox-y-ly 

benevolent-ly-ce 

perform-ed-ance 

legislate-d-ure 

-,    -_— ,   v^s    -  relinqulsh-ed 

y    /      I  Alaska  Territory 

'■^  • Anglo-Saxon 

postage-stamp 

postal-clerk 
_  postal-note 


->-W^^ 


82  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


famlllar-ly-ity 

popular-ly-ity 

benlgnant-lty 

barbarlc-lan 

substantial-ly 
Inferentlal-ly 

dignlty-fy-ied 
subserviency 
justification 

manufacture-d 
influence-tial 

Improve-d-ment 

regular-Iy-ity 

malignant-ly-cy 

constitutlon-allty 

persplcuous-ly-ity 
prospect-ed-ive 

plenipotentiary 

repugnant-ly-ce 
magnetic-al-ly 

diplomatlc-al-ly 


dlstinguish-ed 


N        /^\         ) . .    dellnquent-ly-ce 

f  )r?    I        ^       V  llberal-ly-ity 

^J  distineu 


V=^ 


deform-ed-ity 

parliament-ary 
irrespectlve-ly 

characteristic 
capable-ility 

commerclal-ly 

particular-ly 

administratrix 

indiscriminate 


discrepant-ce 

jurisprudence 

for-the-flrst-tlme 


.^r^,.,^^ —    L^ jurisdiction 

,)  yf  Irrevocable-y 


United  States 

United  States  of  America 
District  of  Columbia 


et-cetera 


-^ 


7 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  83 


acknowledge 

Important-ce 
number-ed 
character 

disadvantage 
difficulty 
surprise 

magnify 

IntelUglble-y 

magnanimity 
republic 

executor 

magnificence 
opportunity 
executrix 
example 

moderate-Iy 

discrepancy 
magnetism 

misfortune 

Instructive 

constructive 
scoundrel 

prudential 

destructive 

obstructive 
emergency 

prlvllege-d 

proper-ly-ty 
preliminary 
archbishop 

eccentrlc-lty 

congregate 

advancement 
productive 
legislation 

discover-ed-y 

contlngent-cy 
universally 
university 

advantages-ous 

""/  \  economical-ly 

regenerative 
party 


vt 


84  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

Special  Writing  Exercise  44 

The  following  exercise  has  many  of  the  pre- 
ceding contractions  woven  into  sentences  and 
should  be  written  carefully  over  and  over  and 
read  repeatedly  until  all  the  contractions  are 
familiar  to  the  student. 

1 .  He  acknowledged  the  matter  was  of  grave  importance. 
2.  Nximbered  among  the  guests  were  the  aristocracy  of 
Boston  and  men  prominent  in  national  affairs.  3.  We  were 
surprised  to  learn  that  the  man  who  had  made  such 
magnificent  gifts  was  of  foreign  birth  and  unable  to  speak 
our  language  intelUgibly.  4.  The  widow  was  appointed 
executrix.  5.  The  magnanimity  of  the  ruler  was  an 
example  to  his  subjects  and  was  influential  in  bettering 
conditions  throughout  the  republic.  6.  Notwithstanding 
the  many  disadvantages  under  which  the  Archbishop 
labored,  he  embraced  every  opportunity  to  advance  the 
cause  of  the  Episcopalian  church.  7.  We  magnify  our 
troubles  when  we  allow  our  mind  to  dwell  upon  them. 
8.  The  scoundrel  was  unable  to  explain  the  discrepancy  in 
his  accounts  and  thus  proved  himself  irresponsible. 

9.  By  living  moderately  we  may  avoid  many  so  called 
misfortunes.  10.  After  a  careful  perusal  we  found  the 
publication  contained  much  that  was  instructive  regarding 
the  origin  of  the  Anglo-saxon  race.  11.  The  railroad  is 
universally  recognized  as  one  of  the  constructive  forces  in 
the  development  of  a  new  country.  12.  A  crowd  congre- 
gated around  the  eccentric  old  gentleman,  who  showed  no 
signs  of  intimidation  as  he  auspiciously  began  his  extem- 
poraneous speech  in  which  he  told  of  the  wonderful 
possibilities  of  the  Alaskan  Territory.  13.  They  were 
loath  to  relinquish  their  property  holdings,  which  had  been 
acquired  through  years  of  sacrifice.  14.  In  the  disaster 
which  visited  San  Francisco  in  1906,  the  fire  proved  to  be 
more  of  a  destructive  agency  than  the  earthquake.  15.  The 
farm  proved  to  be  very  productive  after  all  obstructive 
features  had  been  removed  and  the  land  properly  cul- 
tivated. 16.  He  who  cultivates  self-control  and 
equanimity  stores  up  a  reserve  force  which  will  carry 
him  through  any  emergency. 

17.  After  the  preliminary  proceedings  were  over  the 
business  of  the  meeting  was  soon  attended  to,  after  which 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  85 


we  were  privileged  to  meet  those  present,  among  whom 
we  found  many  famihar  faces.  18.  Having  completed  his 
course  in  the  university,  advancement  came  rapidly. 
19.  The  question  as  to  whether  property  located  in  the 
territory  would  be  a  good  investment  is  contingent  upon 
the  legislation.  20.  It  was  discovered  that  merchandise 
could  be  handled  more  economically  by  navigation,  and 
instructions  were  given  to  act  accordingly.  21.  When  he 
learned  that  his  friend  was  delinquent  in  his  payments  he 
emphatically  refused  to  become  a  party  in  the  Utigation. 
22.  Despicable  as  the  hfe  of  a  man  may  have  been,  when 
he  shows  a  regenerative  spirit  his  friends  instinctively  and 
very  liberally  renew  their  confidence  in  him.  23.  Upon 
receipt  of  the  postal  note  they  replenished  their  wardrobes 
and  went  to  their  new  home  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 
24.  Through  his  capabilities  and  the  faithful  performance 
of  the  duties  assigned  to  him,  he  advanced  in  five  years 
from  the  position  of  a  postal  clerk  to  that  of  district 
superintendent,  where  he  had  jurisdiction  over  a  large 
territory,  and  commanded  a  salary  approximately  three 
times  that  which  he  received  at  the  beginning  of  his 
career. 

25.  The  popularity  which  the  department  of  agriculture 
in  our  universities  has  gained,  indicates  that  the  people  are 
beginning  to  realize  the  benefits  to  be  derived  from 
scientific  farming,  as  well  as  the  independence  of  those  who 
follow  that  vocation;  all  of  which  will  doubtless  result  in 
many  dilapidated  farms  and  undesirable  rural  districts 
taking  on  an  air  of  thrift  and  prosperity  and  showing  a 
marked  improvement  in  social  conditions.  26.  The  house 
was  beautiful  in  architecture  and  in  all  of  its  appointments 
exemplified  the  individuality  of  the  owner.  27.  The 
postage  stamp  as  a  bearer  of  good  and  bad  news  has  no 
rival,  and  once  started  on  its  mission  it  is  irrevocable. 
28.  The  fastidious  Frenchman  was  regarded  an  authority 
on  correctness  of  dress.  29.  It  was  with  great  expectation 
we  planned  to  visit  the  electrical  display.  30.  The  new 
post  office  is  located  ten  blocks  from  the  business  center  of 
the  city.  31.  It  will  be  necessary  to  make  the  calculations 
arithmetically  in  order  to  be  accurate;  otherwise  our 
figures  would  be  only  approximate. 

32.  If  you  will  designate  which  of  your  pupils  are  doing 
the  best  work,  and  possess  those  peculiar  characteristics 
which  we  require  in  our  office  force  we  will  place  them  in 
the  first  openings  we  have,  irrespective  of  outside  influences. 


86  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

33.  He  told  them  that  if  he  accepted  the  position  it  would 
be  with  the  distinct  understanding  that  sufficient  capital 
be  furnished  to  put  the  institution  on  a  paying  basis. 

34.  They  were  filled  with  astonishment  at  the  barbaric 
manner  of  the  natives.  35.  Our  natural  instincts  teach  us 
the  difference  between  right  and  wrong.  36.  It  was  very 
obvious  that  the  deformity  of  the  tree  was  due  to  the  roots 
not  being  allowed  to  take  their  natural  course.  37.  The 
large  department  store  carries  a  full  line  of  suits,  shoes, 
millinery,  et  cetera.  38.  They  were  called  before  the 
Board  of  Examiners  individually.  39.  The  orchard  was 
infested  with  microscopic  insects  which  caused  its  decay. 

40.  Where  there  is  an  abiding  faith  in  the  omnipotence  of 
God  there  is  no  worry.  41.  The  barbaric  practice  of 
capital  punishment  by  decapitation  is  no  longer  permitted. 

42.  Although  the  man  had  a  very  dignified  bearing  and  a 
most  benignant  manner,  his  actions  at  times  were  such 
as  to  cause  his  fellow  workers  to  be  suspicious  of  him. 

43.  The  benevolent  milhonaire  always  held  himself  in 
subservience  to  the  needs  of  those  with  whom  he  came  in 
contact  who  had  been  less  fortunate  than  he.  44.  When 
they  visited  the  United  States  for  the  first  time  they  were 
particularly  impressed  with  the  remarkable  beauty  of  the 
natural  scenery  which  they  found  it  almost  impossible  to 
describe  to  their  friends. 

Similar  Outlines — Remarks 

In  shortening  a  stroke  to  add  N  or  M  or 
lengthening  a  stroke  for  T  or  D  some  of  the 
outlines  will  be  alike,  but  writing  in  "Juxta- 
position" to  show  when  a  vowel  precedes 
distinguishes  between  most  of  the  similar  out- 
lines. Context  will  separate  most  of  what  is 
left ;  but  where  the  context  fails  a  small  straight 
brieve  stroke  may  be  written  near  the  final  end  of 
the  last  stroke  in  an  outline  to  represent  the 
word  least  used.  Where  a  vowel  follows  a  word 
that  cannot  be  expressed  by  the  preceding 
stroke  it  may  be  expressed  by  a  dot  written  in 
line  with  the  last  stroke  and  near  it.    In  writing 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  87 

proper  names  sometimes  we  will  meet  words 
that  have  the  accent  on  the  second  syllable 
and  more  than  one  vowel  to  the  stroke;  in  cases 
of  that  kind  use  the  YAY  or  WAY  stroke  as  a 
substitute  for  the  excessive  vowels.  The  shade 
may  be  omitted  in  this  system  of  shorthand, 
after  the  student  has  become  advanced  in  his 
studies.  "Juxtaposition"  is  the  most  impor- 
tant position  in  this  shorthand,  and  the  position 
for  the  indication  of  WAY  may  be  dispensed 
with  generally. 

SPECIAL  EXERCISES 

Omit  the  past  tense  in  all  words  similar  to  the 
following: 

Write  CHANGE  for  CHANGED. 
Write  RANGE  for  RANGED. 
Write  JUDGE  for  JUDGED. 
Write  THANK  for  THANKED. 
Write  LINK  for  LINKED. 
Write  BANK  for  BANKED. 
Write  RANK  for  RANKED. 
Write  FLANK  for  FLANKED. 

TO  may  be  omitted  in  phrases  after  the  words 
ACCORDING,  ABLE,  REGARD  and 
REFERENCE. 

The  words  in  parenthesis  are  to  be  omitted. 

ACCORDING  (to)  THE 

ACCORDING  (to)  MY 

ABLE  (to)  THINK 

ABLE  (to)  READ 

ABLE  (to)  AGREE 

ABLE  (to)  SEE 

ABLE  (to)  RUN 

ABLE  (to)  MAKE 

IN  REFERENCE  (to) 

WITH  REFERENCE  (to) 

WITH  REGARD  (to) 

IN  REGARD  (to) 

WITH  REGARD  (to)  THIS 


88  DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 

The  following  words  should  be  dictated  to  the 
student  to  test  his  knowledge  of  the  initial 
HOOKS  and  LOOPS: 

1  Zero,  verse,  zeal,  veal,  hay,  tray,  hare,  stray,  here, 

2  stress,  hark,  streak,  yea,  pray,  yore,  spray,  Joe,  crow, 

3  jeer,  screak,  journal,  scramble,  woo,  chew,  jew,  crew, 

4  chore,  wore,  cheer,  wire,  yell,  plea,  yale,  play,  wale, 

5  chill,  ware,  chair. 

The  following  words  need  the  connecting  hook 
to  make  good  connections;  and  the  R-HOOK 
at  the  final  end  of  R  can  also  be  used  on  WAY 
and  CHAY  for  a  connecting  hook;  but  is  never 
needed  otherwise : 

1  Aurora,  cherry,  wiry,  weary,  wary,  cheery,  chary, 

2  Huntington,  twenty,  production,  liken,  Martinsburg, 

3  confidence,  bituminous,  Columbia,  advancing,  beaten, 

4  tighten,  remain,  bottom,  candy,  penant.  Tiffin,  patent, 

5  remind,  conquest,  quantity,  statistics,  platoon,  bitten, 

6  bitumen,  between,  produce,  pedometer,  caucus,  epi- 

7  demic,  abdominal,  abandon. 

The  initial  syllables  CER,  SER,  and  SUR 
should  be  written  with  the  small  circle  and 
stroke  R,  except  when  preceding  a  syllable 
beginning  with  M: 

1  Surface,   surge,   surgeon,   surgery,    sirloin,    surpass, 

2  survey,     survival,     serpentine,     serfdom,     sergeancy, 

3  certain,  certificate,  certify. 

4  EXCEPTIONS — Sermon,     surmise,      ceremonious, 

5  ceremonial,  surmount,  ceramic. 

SLE,  SLI,  SLO,  SLU  and  SLA  are  usually 
made  in  the  initial  syllables  of  words  by  means 
of  the  small  circle  and  L-stroke : 

1  Slippery,  slipper,  slovenly,  slough j',  slothful,  slumber, 

2  slunk,    slung,     sluice,    slump,    sloop,    sleuth,    sleety, 

3  slaughter,  slack,  slag,  slant,  slanty,  slaggy,  slimy. 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND  89 

The  syllables  SEN,  SON,  SUN,  SUM,  SOM, 
SIM  and  ISM  are  usually  made  with  the 
shortened  S-stroke;  but  a  few  exceptions  are 
made  in  the  following  words,  where  the  small 
circle  and  stroke  N  or  M  is  used : 

Jackson,  Maxim,  Anderson,  as-soon-as. 

A  syllable  that  could  be  made  with  one  stroke 
and  a  hook,  but  has  connected  to  it  finally  a 
hook-stroke  consonant,  should  be  made  with  two 
strokes,  instead  of  one  stroke  and  a  hook,  so  that 
the  hook-stroke  consonant  will  connect  on 
properly,  thus: 

1  Buckwheat,  railway,  bookshelf,  bathrobe,  bulwark, 

2  bunghole,    bashfulness,    subtile,    workhouse,    sleeve- 

3  holder,  truthfulness. 


The  syllable  SUB  should  be  written  with  the 
small  circle  and  stroke — B : 

1  Sublease,      subjugator,      subjunctive,      sublinguil, 

2  sublimely,  submersion,  sublunary,  subjectively,  sub- 
o  mission,  subscriber,  subsequently,  subsidize,  subsistent, 
4     substance,  substantial,  substitute,  substratum,  subvert. 


The  following  words  should  be  written  with 
the  WAY  and  YAY  strokes  as  a  substitute  for 
the  extra  vowel  syllables  in  these  words : 

1  Idiocy,   odious,   billion,   ahen,   champion,  studious, 

2  piteous,  funnier,  maniac,  permeate,  creation,  bivouac, 

3  dissuade,   bewail,   affiliate,    axiom,    aorta,    punctuate, 

4  casualty,      reunion,     acquiesce,     graduate,     spurious, 

5  aeolian,  repudiate,  dissuasive,  Louis,  actuary,  innuendo, 

6  insinuate,    actuated,    alleviate,    nauseate,     obituary, 

7  folio,  odium,  statute,  accentuation,  virulent,  Harriet, 

8  India,  vacuum,  humiliate,  amehorate,  pitiate. 


90 


DANIEL'S  PRACTICAL  SHORTHAND 


The  words  EH  and  AH  may  be  written  with 
the  HAY  stroke  in  "juxtaposition." 


In   the   following   phrases   words   written   in 
parenthesis  are  to  be  omitted : 


answering  your  letter 
as  early  as 
anybody  else 
anything  else 
again  (and)  again 
as  near  as  (1)  can 
as  good  as  possible 
do  you  mean  (to)  say 
I  have  your  order 
do  you  recollect 
do  you  remember 
Gentlemen  (of  the)  jury 
call  (your)  attention 
circuit  court 
chancery  court 
coimcil  (for)  plaintiff 
council  (for)  defendant 
court  (of)  justice 
court  (of)  appeals 
court  (of)  chancery 
did  you  request 
did  you  mention 
did  you  receive 
did  you  make 
direct  examination 
ladies  (and)  gentlemen 
in  that  direction 
what  do  you  mean 


more  (or)  less 
many  (of)  them 
member  (of)  congress 
this  is  necessary 
sooner  (or)  later 
you  are  probably 
since  that  time 
you  are  wrong 
you  are  right 
you  might  let 
we  have  decided 
we  have  no  doubt 
bill  (of)  lading 
bill  (of)  sale 
that  you  will  be 
recent  date 
to  be  sure 
so  as  to  make 
so  as  (to)  receive 
we  may  mention 
we  will  show  you 
in  consequence 
in  consideration 
in  order  (to)  make 
there  should  be 
what  is  your  business 
what  is  your  name 
do  you  mean  (to)  say 


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